Chemistry Basics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the SI unit for luminous intensity?

Kelvin

Ampere

Mole

Candela (correct)

What does the prefix 'nano' represent in the SI system?

$10^{-3}$

$10^{-6}$

$10^{-12}$

$10^{-9}$ (correct)

Which of the following is a supplementary unit in the SI system?

Ampere

Kilogram

Second

Steradian (correct)

Which branch of chemistry focuses primarily on the study of elements, excluding carbon, and their compounds?

Inorganic Chemistry (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI unit for thermodynamic temperature?

Kelvin (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following physical quantities is measured in kilograms?

Mass (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common type of polymer?

Nucleic Acid (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which prefix represents a multiplication factor of $10^{15}$?

Peta (D) Signup and view all the answers

The process of creating large molecules from smaller repeating units is known as:

Polymerisation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following biomolecules are the building blocks of proteins?

Amino Acids (C) Signup and view all the answers

What prefix represents a factor of $10^{-18}$?

Atto (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these describes the purpose of food preservatives?

To prevent spoilage (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these remains constant for a substance at all places?

Mass (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the study of the composition and properties of matter?

Chemistry (D) Signup and view all the answers

What area of chemistry is responsible for identifying and quantifying the components of a sample?

Analytical Chemistry (D) Signup and view all the answers

The process where a nucleus splits into smaller nuclei, releasing a large amount of energy is known as:

Nuclear Fission (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to Mendeleev's periodic table, what is the primary factor determining an element's position?

Atomic weight (A) Signup and view all the answers

What issue arises in Mendeleev's periodic table regarding the placement of isotopes?

Isotopes were placed in different positions due to different atomic weights (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an element that has an anomalous position within Mendeleev's periodic table?

Argon (Ar) preceding Potassium (K) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why were the lanthanoids and actinoids problematic in the original Mendeleev periodic table?

They did not fit into the main structure of the table (A) Signup and view all the answers

What modification did Moseley introduce to Mendeleev's periodic law?

He used the number of protons as the basis for the table (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are 'magic numbers' in the context of the modern periodic table?

The intervals at which properties of elements repeat (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the long form of the periodic table, what are the vertical columns also known as?

Groups (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the elements in group 2 of the long form periodic table?

Alkaline earth metals (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a pure substance?

Fixed composition (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of matter?

Can be created or destroyed (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements ACCURATELY describes the relationship between elements and compounds?

Compounds are made up of different elements combined in a fixed ratio by mass. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a METAL based on the provided information?

Aluminum (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an ORGANIC compound?

Sugar (C12H22O11) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following branches of chemistry deals with the study of the composition and properties of matter?

Analytical chemistry (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most abundant element IN THE UNIVERSE?

Hydrogen (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular formula of a compound if its empirical formula is CH2O and its molecular mass is 180 g/mol?

C6H12O6 (B) Signup and view all the answers

In a chemical reaction, the limiting reagent is the one that is completely consumed. Which of the following statements about the limiting reagent is TRUE?

The limiting reagent determines the theoretical yield of the product. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge-to-mass ratio (e/me) of an electron, given that the charge of an electron is -1.6 × 10^-19 C and its mass is 9.11 × 10^-31 kg?

1.76 × 10^11 C/kg (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cathode rays?

They are deflected by both electric and magnetic fields, but only in the same direction. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What key experiment led to the discovery of the electron?

The study of cathode rays (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate size of an atom?

10^-10 meters (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to Dalton's Atomic Theory, atoms are the smallest indivisible particles of matter. What later discovery challenged this idea?

The discovery of the electron (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of one mole of electrons in grams?

5.5 × 10^-4 g (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which unit is used to measure temperature in the SI system?

Kelvin (K) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct mathematical relationship between Celsius and Fahrenheit temperatures?

°F = (°C × 9/5) + 32 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is density defined as?

Mass divided by volume (A) Signup and view all the answers

How is the precision of a measurement defined?

The closeness of a set of identical measurements (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly states the relationship between Kelvin and Celsius?

K = °C + 273.15 (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding significant figures is correct?

Exact numbers have infinite significant figures. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is scientific notation?

A way to express numbers as a digit term multiplied by a power of ten (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a unit of volume?

Cubic meter (m³) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Basic Concepts of Chemistry

Chemistry is the study of matter's composition, structure, and properties.
Antoine Lavoisier is considered the father of chemistry.
Branches of chemistry include inorganic, organic, physical, and analytical.
Other branches such as biochemistry, war chemistry, nuclear chemistry, forensic chemistry, and earth chemistry also exist.

Matter

Matter occupies space and has mass.
Matter consists of small particles with spaces between them.
Matter particles attract each other and are in continuous motion.
Matter is classified physically (solid, liquid, gas) and chemically (pure substances, mixtures).
Pure substances (elements, compounds) have fixed compositions, unlike mixtures.
Elements are the simplest form of pure matter, containing only one type of atom. There are 118 known elements.
Elements can be metals, nonmetals, or metalloids.
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. Oxygen is the most abundant in the earth's crust. Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust.
Compounds are formed from two or more elements in definite mass ratios.

SI Units and Measurement

The SI system (International System of Units) has seven base units and two supplementary units.
Basic SI units include: meter (length), kilogram (mass), second (time), ampere (electric current), kelvin (thermodynamic temperature), mole (amount of substance), and candela (luminous intensity).
Supplementary units are the radian and steradian.
Prefixes are used to modify the base units (e.g., kilo, milli, nano).
Mass remains constant, weight varies with gravity.
Common temperature scales are Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F), and Kelvin (K).
Volume is the space occupied by matter.
Density is mass per unit volume.
Scientific notation expresses measurements as a number between 1 and 9.999 multiplied by a power of 10.

Precision, Accuracy, and Significant Figures

Precision is the reproducibility of measurements.
Accuracy is the difference between experimental values and the true value.
Accurate results are often precise, but precise results are not always accurate.
Significant figures represent the meaningful digits in a measurement.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry deals with reactant and product ratios in chemical reactions.
Limiting reagent is completely consumed.
Excess reagent remains unreacted.
% yield is the actual yield divided by the theoretical yield, multiplied by 100.

Atomic Structure

Atoms are the smallest indivisible particles of matter (according to Dalton).
Atoms have electrons, protons, and neutrons.
Electrons were discovered through cathode ray tube experiments.
Electrons have a negative charge and very low mass.

Periodic Table

Mendeleev's periodic law was modified by Moseley.
Modern periodic law states properties of elements depend on their atomic numbers.
Periods are horizontal rows, and groups are vertical columns.
Properties repeat periodically as electrons arrangements are repeated.

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Description

Test your knowledge on fundamental concepts of chemistry and the SI unit system. This quiz covers various topics, including units of measurement, branches of chemistry, and molecular structures. Challenge yourself to see how well you understand the basics of science.