10 Questions
What do the columns of the periodic table pertain to?
Groups of elements
What is an isotope?
An atom with the same atomic number but different atomic mass
What is the term for the attraction between two atoms that have a partial positive charge and a partial negative charge?
Polar covalent bond
What is the term for an atom that has lost or gained electrons?
Ion
What is the term for the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom?
Valence electrons
If an atom has 5 valence electrons, what is its valence?
3
What is the term for an atom that has gained or lost electrons?
Ion
Which of the following subatomic particles weighs 1 Dalton?
Proton
What is the order of electronegativity among Cl, O, N, C, and H?
Cl > O > N > C = H
What type of bond is formed between two atoms with a large difference in electronegativity?
Ionic bond
Study Notes
Atomic Structure
- Atomic number: a unique identifier for each element
- Atomic mass: the total mass of an atom, including protons, neutrons, and electrons
Subatomic Particles
- Protons, neutrons, and electrons weigh 1 Dalton each
Periodic Table
- Rows: periods
- Columns: groups
Atomic Properties
- Valence: the number of electrons an atom gains or loses to form a bond
- Note: valence refers to electrons, but also refers to the combining power of an atom
Ions and Bonding
- Ion: an atom with a net positive or negative charge
- Ionic bond: the attraction between oppositely charged ions (e.g. NaCl)
- Cation: a positively charged ion
- Anion: a negatively charged ion
Isotopes
- Isotopes: atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses
Molecular Structure
- Molecular formula: a formula that shows the number of atoms of each element in a molecule
- Molecular structure: a representation of the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
- Bohr model: a simplified model of atomic structure, showing electrons in energy levels
Covalent Bonds
- Non-polar covalent bond: a bond between atoms with similar electronegativities
- Polar covalent bond: a bond between atoms with different electronegativities
- Electronegativity order: Cl > O > N > C = H
- Delta + and delta -: partial charges, indicating a slight positive or negative charge on an atom
Atomic Structure
- Atomic number: a unique identifier for each element
- Atomic mass: the total mass of an atom, including protons, neutrons, and electrons
Subatomic Particles
- Protons, neutrons, and electrons weigh 1 Dalton each
Periodic Table
- Rows: periods
- Columns: groups
Atomic Properties
- Valence: the number of electrons an atom gains or loses to form a bond
- Note: valence refers to electrons, but also refers to the combining power of an atom
Ions and Bonding
- Ion: an atom with a net positive or negative charge
- Ionic bond: the attraction between oppositely charged ions (e.g. NaCl)
- Cation: a positively charged ion
- Anion: a negatively charged ion
Isotopes
- Isotopes: atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses
Molecular Structure
- Molecular formula: a formula that shows the number of atoms of each element in a molecule
- Molecular structure: a representation of the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
- Bohr model: a simplified model of atomic structure, showing electrons in energy levels
Covalent Bonds
- Non-polar covalent bond: a bond between atoms with similar electronegativities
- Polar covalent bond: a bond between atoms with different electronegativities
- Electronegativity order: Cl > O > N > C = H
- Delta + and delta -: partial charges, indicating a slight positive or negative charge on an atom
Test your understanding of fundamental chemistry concepts, including atomic numbers, subatomic particles, periodic table, ions, and ionic bonds.
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