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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the number of protons in an atom's nucleus?
What is the term for the number of protons in an atom's nucleus?
What is the purpose of subscripts in chemical formulae?
What is the purpose of subscripts in chemical formulae?
What is the term for the system of naming chemical compounds?
What is the term for the system of naming chemical compounds?
What is the unit of measurement for the amount of a substance?
What is the unit of measurement for the amount of a substance?
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What is the purpose of chemical equations?
What is the purpose of chemical equations?
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What is the symbol for calcium in chemical notation?
What is the symbol for calcium in chemical notation?
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What is the term for the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus?
What is the term for the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus?
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What is the purpose of chemical formulae?
What is the purpose of chemical formulae?
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What is a characteristic of chemical changes?
What is a characteristic of chemical changes?
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What type of reaction involves the combination of two or more substances to form a new substance?
What type of reaction involves the combination of two or more substances to form a new substance?
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What is the purpose of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
What is the purpose of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
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What is the term for the speed at which a reaction occurs?
What is the term for the speed at which a reaction occurs?
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What is an example of a chemical change?
What is an example of a chemical change?
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What is a factor that affects the rate of a chemical reaction?
What is a factor that affects the rate of a chemical reaction?
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure
- An atom consists of:
- Protons (positive charge)
- Neutrons (no charge)
- Electrons (negative charge)
- Atomic number (Z): number of protons in an atom's nucleus
- Mass number (A): total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus
Chemical Symbols
- Represent atoms using one- or two-letter symbols
- Examples: H (hydrogen), C (carbon), Ca (calcium)
- Symbols are derived from the Latin or Greek names of the elements
Chemical Formulae
- Represent molecules using chemical symbols and numbers
- Examples: H2O (water), CO2 (carbon dioxide)
- Subscripts indicate the number of atoms of each element in the molecule
Chemical Equations
- Represent chemical reactions using chemical formulae and arrows
- Reactants (left side) → Products (right side)
- Examples: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O (combustion of hydrogen)
Chemical Nomenclature
- System of naming chemical compounds
- Rules based on the type of compound and its composition
- Examples:
- Ionic compounds: CaCl2 (calcium chloride)
- Molecular compounds: CO2 (carbon dioxide)
- Acids: HCl (hydrochloric acid)
Units and Conversions
- SI units: meter (m), gram (g), liter (L), mole (mol)
- Conversions: grams to moles, moles to liters, etc.
- Examples: 1 mole of oxygen = 32 grams, 1 liter of water = 1000 grams
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Description
Test your knowledge of chemistry fundamentals, including atomic structure, chemical symbols, formulae, equations, nomenclature, and units. Learn the basics of chemistry and improve your understanding of chemical reactions and compounds.
