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Questions and Answers
What is the correct way to represent the ionic compound formed between magnesium and chloride?
Which of the following correctly shows the valency of silver?
How should the formula for ammonium hydroxide be written?
Which of the following ions has a valency of 2+?
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What is the proper representation for the ionic bond between calcium and oxide?
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What is the atomicity of oxygen?
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Which of the following represents a diatomic molecule?
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Which compound is formed by the elements nitrogen and hydrogen?
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What is the combining capacity of an element called?
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What kind of ion is formed when an atom loses electrons?
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Which element has an atomicity of 4?
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What type of molecules do compounds formed from metal and non-metal elements contain?
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What is the molecular composition of hydrochloric acid?
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What is the correct symbol for Aluminium?
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Which element has an atomic mass of 32 u?
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What defines the atomic mass of an element?
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Which molecule is considered a molecule of an element?
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Which of the following atomic symbols is written incorrectly?
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How is the atomic mass unit (u) defined?
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Which of the following statements about molecules is true?
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What is the atomic mass of Oxygen?
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What is the formula for Calcium hydroxide?
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Which element’s atomic mass is 14 u?
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What is the molecular mass of water (H2O)?
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Which of the following combines to form Magnesium chloride?
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What does one mole of a substance equal?
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What is the formula for Carbon tetrachloride?
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What is the valency of sulphide in the formula of hydrogen sulphide (H2S)?
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What does the law of conservation of mass state?
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Which of these is the formula for Sodium nitrate?
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According to the law of constant proportions, what can be said about water?
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Which of the following statements is NOT part of Dalton's atomic theory?
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What defines an atom?
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What is the atomic radius of a hydrogen atom in meters?
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How are the symbols of elements represented?
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Which of the following is a correct statement about atoms?
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What happens when sodium sulfate reacts with barium chloride according to the law of conservation of mass?
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Study Notes
Symbol and Element
- Elements are represented by symbols.
- Single letter symbols are capitalized.
- Two letter symbols are capitalized with the first letter capitalized and the second letter lowercase.
Atomic Mass
- The mass of an atom is compared to the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
- One atomic mass unit (u) is 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
- The atomic mass of an element is the average mass of one atom compared to 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
Molecule
- A molecule is the smallest particle of an element or compound that exists independently and shows all the properties of that substance.
- A molecule can consist of two or more atoms.
- Atomicity is the the number of atoms present in one molecule.
- Molecules of elements can contain one or more atoms of the same element.
- Molecules of compounds contain two or more atoms of different elements.
Ions
- Ions are charged particles.
- Cations are positively charged ions.
- Anions are negatively charged ions.
- Valency is the combining capacity of an element.
Laws of Chemical Combination
- Law of Conservation of Mass: Mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. The total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products.
- Law of Constant Proportions: Elements in a compound are always present in a definite proportion by mass.
Dalton's Atomic Theory
- Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.
- Atoms are indivisible and cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
- Atoms of a given element are similar in mass and properties.
- Atoms of different elements have different masses and properties.
- Atoms combine in small whole number ratios to form compounds.
- In a given compound, the relative number and kind of atoms are constant.
Atom
- An atom is the smallest particle of an element.
- The atomic radius is measured in nanometers (nm).
Writing Chemical Formulae
- Place the symbol of the metal or positive ion on the left.
- Place the symbol or formula of the non-metal or negative ion on the right.
- Write the valencies below the symbols.
- Cross over the valencies.
- Polyatomic ions should be enclosed in brackets before writing the formula.
Molecular Mass and Formula Unit Mass
- The molecular mass is the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule.
- Molecular mass is expressed in atomic mass units (u).
Mole Concept
- A mole of a substance contains 6.022 x 10^23 particles (atoms, molecules, or ions).
- This number is called Avogadro's Number or Avogadro's Constant.
- A mole represents a definite mass of a substance equal to the gram atomic mass of an element or the gram molecular mass of a compound.
- Gram atomic mass is the atomic mass expressed in grams.
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Description
This quiz covers fundamental concepts in chemistry, including atomic mass, molecular structure, and the characteristics of ions. Test your understanding of how elements are represented by symbols and the differences between cations and anions. Perfect for students looking to solidify their knowledge of introductory chemistry.