Chemistry Basics: Atoms and Ions

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Questions and Answers

What is the proper name for the ion with the formula Fe2+?

Ferroic

Ferrous (correct)

Ferrox

Ferric

Which of the following anions corresponds to the element with the atomic number 8?

Oxide (correct)

Nitride

Fluoride

Chloride

What suffix is used in the classical naming method for the higher oxidation state of lead (Pb)?

-ous

-ic (correct)

-ide

-ate

Identify the correct pairing of the element and its ionic form from Group A elements.

K – Cation Signup and view all the answers

Which ion is formed from the element Mercury (Hg) with a +2 oxidation state?

Mercuric Signup and view all the answers

What type of particle is an atom that has a net charge?

Ion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a compound?

An aggregate of at least 2 atoms chemically bound together Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a cation from an anion?

Cations are positively charged, while anions are negatively charged. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of polyatomic ions?

They are composed of two or more atoms that are charged. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a homonuclear diatomic molecule?

N2 Signup and view all the answers

What is true about monoatomic ions?

They consist of only one atom and carry a charge. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ions are typically found in non-metals?

Anions only Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to identify the type of atom, compound, or ion when writing chemical formulas?

To ensure accurate naming and representation of chemical species Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct chemical formula for Iron and Sulfur using the Stock Method?

FeS Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds would correctly be named using prefixes?

CO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct name for the chemical formula N2O?

Dinitrogen oxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct name for the ion represented by $Fe^{2+}$?

Iron (II) Signup and view all the answers

Which prefix would you use for a compound that contains three atoms of a non-metal?

tri- Signup and view all the answers

Which polyatomic anion has a charge of -2 and is named sulfate?

SO42- Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical name for the formula CCl4?

Carbon tetrachloride Signup and view all the answers

Using the Classical Method, what is the formula for Barium and Iodine?

BaI2 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ions is a cation with a +1 charge?

$NH4^+$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct chemical name for the molecular compound P2O5?

Phosphorus pentoxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular formula for glucose?

C6H12O6 Signup and view all the answers

Which polyatomic ion has a higher oxidation state? Chlorate or Chlorite?

Chlorate Signup and view all the answers

What prefix is used in naming a molecule containing four atoms of a non-metal?

tetra- Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following formulations represents the iron with +3 oxidation state?

$Fe^{3+}$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the ion formula for acetate?

$CH3COO^-$ Signup and view all the answers

What suffix indicates a polyatomic ion with a lower oxidation state in halogens?

-ite Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the ternary ionic compound formed from Iron (II) and sulfate?

Ferrous sulfate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly represents the formula for ammonium chloride?

NH4Cl Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct naming convention for H2SO4?

Sulfuric acid Signup and view all the answers

How is Hydrogen phosphite represented in chemical formula?

H3PO3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome when Copper (II) combines with hydroxide?

Copper(II) hydroxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for sodium nitrite?

NaNO2 Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes an acid formed from a polyatomic anion with a lower oxidation number?

Oxy-acid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents the formula for barium hydroxide?

Ba(OH)2 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Definitions and Key Concepts

Atom: Basic unit of matter, neutral particles that can combine chemically.
Compound: Combination of at least two atoms, chemically bound in a definite arrangement.
Molecule: Group of two or more atoms bonded together.
Ion: Charged particle that results from losing or gaining electrons. Can be monoatomic (single atom) or polyatomic (group of atoms).

Types of Atoms and Ions

Monoatomic Ions: Have one atom, can be cations (positively charged) or anions (negatively charged). Examples include Na+, Ca2+, Cl-.
Polyatomic Ions: Comprised of two or more atoms with a net charge, such as NH4+ (ammonium) or SO42- (sulfate).
Diatomic Ions: Molecules consisting of two atoms, like O2 or N2.

Oxidation States

Transition metals display multiple oxidation states, for example:
- Copper: Cu+ (lower) and Cu2+ (higher).
- Iron: Fe2+ (ferrous) and Fe3+ (ferric).

Naming Ions

Classical Method: Utilizes Latin names and suffixes.
- Lower oxidation #: “-ous”
- Higher oxidation #: “-ic”
Stock Method: Uses the English name followed by a Roman numeral to indicate oxidation state.

Common Polyatomic Ions

Cations: NH4+ (ammonium), H3O+ (hydronium).
Anions: OH- (hydroxide), SO42- (sulfate), CO32- (carbonate).

Chemical Formulas

Molecular Formula: Indicates the actual number of atoms in a molecule (e.g., C6H12O6).
Ternary Ionic Compounds: Formed from a monoatomic cation with a polyatomic anion or the reverse. Example: NaNO2 for sodium nitrite.

Acids and Bases

Binary Acids: Formed from hydrogen and a monoatomic anion. Naming depends on state:
- Gaseous: hydrogen chloride (HCl).
- Aqueous: hydrochloric acid.
Oxyacids: Derived from polyatomic ions:
- Lower oxidation: “-ite” becomes “-ous” acid (e.g., HNO2 is nitrous acid).
- Higher oxidation: “-ate” becomes “-ic” acid (e.g., HNO3 is nitric acid).
Bases: Formed from a cation with OH- (e.g., NaOH for sodium hydroxide).

Molecular Compounds

Prefixes are used in naming covalent compounds:
- 1: mono-, 2: di-, 3: tri-, 4: tetra-, etc.
Examples include:
- CCl4 as carbon tetrachloride.
- P2O5 as diphosphorus pentoxide.

Exercises and Application

Practice naming and writing formulas for chemical compounds, both ionic and molecular. Include real examples to reinforce learning.
Explore exercises involving combining ions and applying proper naming conventions for acids and bases.

Importance of Chemical Nomenclature

Understanding the type of atom, compound, or ion is crucial for accurate chemical writing and naming, which aids in communication within the scientific community.

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Description

This quiz explores key concepts in chemistry, focusing on the definitions and differences between atoms, compounds, molecules, and ions. Understand the properties of neutral particles and their chemical behavior in forming various substances.