Chemistry Basics: Atoms and Compounds

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What is the mass number of a Sodium (Na) atom?

10
12
23 (correct)
11

A Sodium (Na) atom has more protons than neutrons.

False (B)

How many electrons does a Sodium (Na) atom have?

11

The number of neutrons in a Sodium (Na) atom is ____.

12 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of a Sodium (Na) atom to their quantities:

Protons = 11 Electrons = 11 Neutrons = 12 Mass Number = 23 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes elements?

Can be solid, liquid, or gas (D) Signup and view all the answers

Elements consist of only one type of atom.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where can elements be found?

On the periodic table Signup and view all the answers

Elements can exist in different states such as solid, liquid, or ______.

gas Signup and view all the answers

Match the following properties with their descriptions:

Solid = Defined shape and volume Liquid = No defined shape but has a defined volume Gas = No defined shape and no defined volume Element = Made of one type of atom Signup and view all the answers

What state of matter can compounds exist in?

Solid, liquid, or gas (B) Signup and view all the answers

Compounds are found on the periodic table.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

How many elements are typically involved in the formation of compounds?

Two or more Signup and view all the answers

A compound is made up of ______ elements.

two or more Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

Compounds = Substances formed from two or more elements Elements = Basic building blocks of matter Periodic Table = Chart of all known elements State of Matter = Forms that substances can take (solid, liquid, gas) Signup and view all the answers

What are mixtures primarily defined as?

Variety of elements and/or compounds in the same area that are not chemically combined (B) Signup and view all the answers

Distillation is a method used to separate chemically combined substances.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Name one method used to separate mixtures.

Filtration Signup and view all the answers

A method that uses differences in boiling points to separate components of a mixture is called __________.

distillation Signup and view all the answers

Match the separation method with its description:

Distillation = Separates based on boiling points Filtration = Uses a barrier to separate solids from liquids Crystallization = Forms solid crystals from a solution Chromatography = Separates components based on movement through a medium Signup and view all the answers

What particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?

Protons and neutrons (C) Signup and view all the answers

Electrons have a positive charge.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of protons?

positive Signup and view all the answers

Electrons orbit around the nucleus and have a ______ charge.

negative Signup and view all the answers

Match the following atomic components with their characteristics:

Protons = Positive charge Electrons = Negative charge Nucleus = Center of the atom Neutrons = No charge Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant contributions of Mendeleev to the periodic table?

He left gaps for unknown elements. (D) Signup and view all the answers

All elements in Group 0 of the periodic table are reactive.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the atomic number of an element indicate in the periodic table?

Its position on the periodic table. Signup and view all the answers

The elements with similar properties are grouped together in the _____ table.

periodic Signup and view all the answers

Match the following groups with their properties:

Group 0 = Unreactive elements Metals = Good conductors of heat and electricity Non-metals = Poor conductors and often gaseous Transition metals = Complex compounds and varied oxidation states Signup and view all the answers

Which model of the atom depicts electrons embedded in a positively charged 'pudding'?

Plum Pudding Model (C) Signup and view all the answers

Chadwick is credited with the discovery of electrons.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main components represented in J.J. Thompson's Plum Pudding Model?

Electrons and positively charged matter Signup and view all the answers

In the Plum Pudding Model, the small circles represent __________.

electrons Signup and view all the answers

Match the following scientists with their discoveries:

J.J. Thompson = Plum Pudding Model James Chadwick = Neutrons Ernest Rutherford = Nuclear Model Niels Bohr = Electron Orbits Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage abundance of the isotope $^{25}$Mg?

10% (D) Signup and view all the answers

The relative atomic mass of Magnesium is calculated to be 24.3.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What formula is used to calculate the RAM of Magnesium?

(24 x 79 + 25 x 10 + 26 x 11) / 100 Signup and view all the answers

The abundance of the isotope $^{26}$Mg is ____.

11% Signup and view all the answers

Match the isotopes of Magnesium with their respective mass numbers:

$^{24}$Mg = 24 $^{25}$Mg = 25 $^{26}$Mg = 26 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the atomic number?

It represents the number of protons in an atom. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Isotopes of an element have the same number of neutrons?

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

If a potassium (K) atom has 19 protons, how many neutrons does it have when its atomic mass is 39?

20 Signup and view all the answers

An atom with 11 protons and 12 neutrons has an atomic mass of _____

23 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following atomic notations with their corresponding terms:

Na 23 = Atomic mass (protons + neutrons) Na 11 = Proton number (atomic number) K 39 = Atomic mass of potassium K 19 = Number of protons in potassium Signup and view all the answers

What is the electronic configuration of Calcium (Ca)?

2, 8, 8, 2 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Calcium has an atomic number of 20.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

How many neutrons does a Calcium (Ca) atom have?

20 Signup and view all the answers

The inner energy level of a Calcium atom can hold a maximum of _____ electrons.

2 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following energy levels with the maximum number of electrons they can accommodate:

1st shell = 2 2nd shell = 8 3rd shell = 18 4th shell = 32 Signup and view all the answers

Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

Mass Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.