Chemistry Basics: Atomic Bonding

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson
Download our mobile app to listen on the go
Get App

Questions and Answers

Why do atoms bond?

Atoms bond because they want to have a full outer shell of electrons, referred to as the octet rule.

The octet rule means atoms want to have 8 protons.

False (B)

Which of the following BEST describes the arrangement of electrons in an electron-dot symbol?

  • Electrons are arranged to represent the atom's electronic configuration.
  • Electrons are placed in pairs on the left and right side.
  • Electrons surround the atomic symbol, no more than 2 electrons on a side. (correct)
  • Electrons are always placed in pairs on the top and bottom.

What is the definition of electronegativity?

<p>Electronegativity means the ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do atoms bond?

<p>Atoms bond to achieve a stable configuration of 8 valence electrons, which is also known as the octet rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are valence electrons?

<p>Valence electrons are the electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the octet rule?

<p>The octet rule states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a stable configuration of 8 valence electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding ionic bonds is correct?

<p>Ionic bonds occur between a metal and a non-metal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between an anion and a cation?

<p>An anion is a negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains electrons, while a cation is a positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When ionic compounds are dissolved in water, what happens to the compound?

<p>The compound dissociates into ions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a metallic bond?

<p>A metallic bond is a type of chemical bond characterized by the attraction of free-moving valence electrons to positively charged metal ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Covalent bonds are formed between two metals.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a polar covalent bond and a nonpolar covalent bond?

<p>A polar covalent bond occurs between two non-metals with different electronegativities, leading to an unequal sharing of electrons. In nonpolar covalent bonds, the electrons are shared equally between two non-metals with similar electronegativity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of bonds is typically found in metals?

<p>Metallic bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The tendency for atoms to share or transfer electrons to obtain a stable configuration of 8 valence electrons is known as the ______ rule.

<p>octet</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Bonding

The attractive forces that hold atoms together in molecules.

Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that participate in chemical bonding.

Octet Rule

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a full outermost electron shell (8 electrons).

Lewis Dot Structure

A diagram that shows the valence electrons of an atom as dots around the element symbol.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ionic Bond

A chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons between a metal and a nonmetal, creating ions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ionic Compound

A compound formed by ionic bonds.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cation

A positively charged ion (formed when an atom loses electrons).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anion

A negatively charged ion (formed when an atom gains electrons).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Covalent Bond

A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between nonmetals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nonpolar Bond

A bond where electrons are shared equally.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Polar Bond

A bond where electrons are shared unequally.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Metallic Bond

A chemical bond formed between metal atoms, where valence electrons are shared among many atoms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Atomic Bonding

The attractive forces that hold atoms together to form molecules.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom that participate in bonding.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Octet Rule

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve 8 valence electrons, similar to a noble gas.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lewis Dot Structures

A diagram showing valence electrons as dots around an element's symbol.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ionic Bond

A bond formed by electron transfer between a metal and nonmetal, creating oppositely charged ions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cation

Positively charged ion formed by losing electrons.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anion

Negatively charged ion formed by gaining electrons.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Covalent Bond

Bond formed by sharing electrons between nonmetals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nonpolar Bond

Covalent bond where electrons are shared equally.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Polar Bond

Covalent bond where electrons are shared unequally.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Metallic Bond

Bond formed between metal atoms, with valence electrons shared among many.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Chemical Bonds

  • Attractive forces holding atoms together in molecules
  • Types of bonds include: ionic, covalent, and metallic

Ionic Bonds

  • Transfer of electrons between atoms (forming ions)
  • Metal bonded with a nonmetal
  • Electronegativity difference greater than 1.7
  • Solutions conduct electricity

Anion Formation

  • Nonmetals gain electrons to attain a noble gas configuration
  • This process is called reduction
  • Examples: Chloride (Cl-), Oxide (O2-), Nitride (N3-)

Cation Formation

  • Main group metals lose valence electrons to form cations
  • This loss of electrons is called oxidation
  • Examples: Sodium (Na+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Aluminum (Al3+)

Ionic Compounds in Solution

  • When dissolved in water, ionic compounds dissociate into aqueous ions
  • The resulting solution conducts electricity, called an electrolyte
  • Example: NaCl(s) → Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

Metallic Bonds

  • Between metal atoms
  • Joined by a "sea" of electrons that move freely
  • Good conductors of heat and electricity

Covalent Bonds

  • Sharing of electrons between nonmetal atoms
  • Do not conduct electricity in solution
  • Nonpolar covalent bonds: Between identical atoms (e.g., Cl-Cl) (electronegativity difference of 0-0.4)
  • Polar covalent bonds: Between different nonmetals (e.g., H-Cl) (electronegativity difference of 0.4-1.7)

Polar and Nonpolar Bonds

  • H-H is nonpolar due to identical electronegativity
  • Cl-Cl is nonpolar due to identical electronegativity
  • H-Cl is polar due to different electronegativities (H = 2.1, Cl = 3.0)

Ionic Character

  • Ionic character increases as the electronegativity difference increases
  • Electronegativity difference of 0-0.4: nonpolar covalent bond
  • Electronegativity difference of 0.4-1.7: polar covalent bond
  • Electronegativity difference greater than 1.7: ionic bond

Types of Bonds Table

Type of Bond Type or elements Electron behavior Difference in electronegativity Electricity conduction
lonic Metal + Nonmetal Electrons transferred >1.7 Conduct
Covalent (polar) Nonmetal + Nonmetal Electrons shared unequally 0.4-1.7 Do not conduct
Covalent (nonpolar) Nonmetal + Nonmetal Electrons shared equally 0-0.4 Do not conduct
Metallic Metal + Metal Electrons form a "sea" - Conduct

Lewis Structures

  • Atoms relative to others: Place atoms in logical manner for the molecule
  • Valence electrons: Represent each element's valence electrons using dots or crosses
  • Bond formation: Arrange bonds to achieve octets for most atoms
  • Ionic compounds: Electrons transferred
  • Covalent compounds: Shared electron pairs; shown as lines

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Chemical Bonds PDF

More Like This

Atomic Bonding in Electrical Materials Quiz
5 questions

Atomic Bonding in Electrical Materials Quiz

PreEminentAntigorite4235 avatar
PreEminentAntigorite4235
Atomic Bonding Structure Level 2 NCEA
16 questions

Atomic Bonding Structure Level 2 NCEA

SnappyPiccoloTrumpet avatar
SnappyPiccoloTrumpet
Atomic Bonding and Noble Gases
5 questions

Atomic Bonding and Noble Gases

ImmaculateBliss1739 avatar
ImmaculateBliss1739
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser