Chemistry Atoms and Molecules Quiz
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Chemistry Atoms and Molecules Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are atoms?

Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter.

What are atoms made up of?

Atoms are made up of a nucleus and outer orbits.

What is the nucleus of an atom?

The nucleus is the center of the atom where protons and neutrons are located.

What is the nucleus of a cell?

<p>The center of the cell where the DNA is located.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are elements?

<p>Elements are pure substances made by specific types of atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a compound?

<p>A compound is formed by two or more elements bonding together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a molecule?

<p>A molecule is created when two or more elements bond together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a monomer?

<p>A monomer is a small molecule made up of few elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a polymer or macromolecule?

<p>A polymer or macromolecule is a large molecule made of many small molecules called monomers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is polymerization?

<p>Polymerization is the chemical reaction of many monomers bonding together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an amino acid?

<p>Amino acids are small molecules used by living organisms to make proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main elements that make up amino acids?

<p>The main elements in amino acids are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many types of amino acids are there?

<p>There are more than 50 types of amino acids, but only 20 are important for human health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can amino acids do?

<p>A long chain of amino acids creates proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are proteins?

<p>Proteins are long chains of amino acids made when monomers connect together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do proteins do?

<p>Proteins provide structure and support to cells, tissues, and organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are proteins made of?

<p>Proteins are polymers made up of long chains of monomers called amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is protein a macromolecule or polymer?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do you find proteins or amino acids?

<p>Proteins and amino acids are found in many types of food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are non-essential amino acids?

<p>Non-essential amino acids are amino acids that your body can make on its own.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are essential amino acids?

<p>Essential amino acids are those that your body cannot make on its own, so must be obtained from food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of some non-essential amino acids?

<p>Examples include glutamic acid, glutamine, alanine, and arginine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of some essential amino acids?

<p>Examples include histidine, isoleucine, leucine, and lysine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hydrophobic molecule?

<p>A hydrophobic molecule is afraid of water and doesn't interact with it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hydrophilic molecule?

<p>A hydrophilic molecule likes water and interacts with it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an amphipathic molecule?

<p>An amphipathic molecule has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some different types of proteins and how do they help the human body or cells?

<p>Examples include antibodies, enzymes, hemoglobin, actin, hormones, and keratin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are proteins?

<p>Proteins are long chains of amino acids that provide structure and support in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is protein considered a polymer?

<p>A protein is considered a polymer because it is made up of many small amino acid molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the monomers in protein?

<p>The monomers in protein are the small amino acid molecules that chain together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are six different types of proteins and their functions?

<p>Antibodies, enzymes, hemoglobin, actin, hormones, and keratin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do we need to eat proteins if we can produce our own?

<p>We need to eat proteins because essential amino acids cannot be made by the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Atoms and Elements

  • Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of all matter, both living and nonliving.
  • Atoms consist of a nucleus at the center, which contains protons (positive charge) and neutrons (no charge).
  • Electrons (negative charge) revolve around the nucleus in outer orbits, called electron shells.
  • Elements are pure substances consisting of a specific type of atom, with 118 known elements found in the Periodic Table.

Molecules, Monomers, and Polymers

  • Compounds form when two or more elements chemically bond to create molecules (e.g., Sodium chloride or NaCl).
  • Monomers are small molecules made of few elements; they serve as the building blocks for larger structures.
  • Polymers, also known as macromolecules, are large molecules formed by linking many monomers through chemical reactions (polymerization).

Amino Acids and Proteins

  • Amino acids are the monomers that combine to form proteins, consisting mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
  • There are 20 essential amino acids needed by the human body to synthesize over 20,000 different proteins.
  • Proteins serve critical functions such as providing structure, support, and facilitating biochemical reactions in cells.

Essential and Non-Essential Amino Acids

  • Non-essential amino acids can be synthesized by the body; examples include alanine, arginine, and asparagine.
  • Essential amino acids cannot be produced by the body and must be obtained from food; examples include histidine, isoleucine, and lysine.

Protein Structure and Functions

  • Proteins are long chains of amino acids and can be described as polymers or macromolecules.
  • Proteins play various roles including:
    • Antibodies: Help the body combat infections.
    • Enzymes: Accelerate biochemical reactions.
    • Hemoglobin: Carries oxygen in red blood cells.
    • Actin: Aids in muscle contraction.
    • Hormones: Regulate bodily functions.
    • Keratin: Provides structure in nails.

Protein Sources and Importance

  • Dietary proteins are vital for providing essential amino acids that the body cannot produce.
  • Sources of protein include meat, eggs, dairy, rice, and beans.
  • After digestion, proteins are broken down into amino acids for the body to use in creating its own proteins.

Molecule Interactions with Water

  • Molecules exhibit hydrophobic (water-repelling), hydrophilic (water-attracting), or amphipathic (having both properties) characteristics depending on their chemical structure.

Summary of Protein Functions

  • Proteins are crucial for building and maintaining tissues, ensuring the proper function of organs, and supporting overall health.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of atoms, elements, and the formation of molecules. This quiz covers essential concepts related to monomers, polymers, and the structure of proteins. Perfect for students studying basic chemistry and molecular biology.

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