Chemistry: Atomic Structure and Bonding
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Questions and Answers

What describes the arrangement of electrons in the Bohr model?

  • Electrons are arranged in shells or energy levels around the nucleus. (correct)
  • Electrons are randomly distributed around the nucleus.
  • Electrons exist in fixed paths with no energy levels.
  • Electrons occupy the nucleus and have no defined energy levels.

What happens to electrons during ionic bonding?

  • Electrons are shared equally between atoms.
  • Electrons are lost or gained by atoms to form ions. (correct)
  • Electrons are created to maintain stability.
  • Electrons move freely without forming ions.

Which statement about covalent compounds is true?

  • Covalent compounds generally have low melting and boiling points. (correct)
  • Covalent compounds have very high melting and boiling points.
  • Covalent compounds are composed only of metals.
  • Covalent compounds involve the complete transfer of electrons.

What is a characteristic of organic compounds?

<p>They primarily contain carbon and hydrogen, including other elements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do electrodes fill orbitals according to energy levels?

<p>Electrons fill lower energy levels before occupying higher ones. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an accurate description of how electrons are organized in energy levels?

<p>Electrons fill lower energy levels before higher ones. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond involves the transfer of electrons to form ions?

<p>Ionic bonding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is typical of covalent compounds?

<p>Low melting and boiling points (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about organic compounds?

<p>They mainly consist of carbon and hydrogen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which way do alkynes differ from other organic compounds?

<p>They have triple bonds that create complex molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Electron Energy Levels

Electrons orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels, similar to planets orbiting a star.

Atomic Orbital

Region of space around the nucleus where an electron is likely to be found.

Covalent Bonding

Atoms share electrons to achieve stability. Forms molecules.

Organic Compounds

Compounds primarily containing carbon and hydrogen, forming complex structures.

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Ionic Bonding

Atoms gain or lose electrons to form ions, which attract each other.

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What does the Bohr model describe?

The Bohr model describes the region of space around the nucleus as shells or energy levels where electrons reside.

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What are atomic orbitals?

Atomic orbitals are regions of space around the nucleus where an electron is most likely to be found.

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How do electrons fill orbitals?

Electrons fill orbitals from lower energy levels to higher energy levels, like building a pyramid.

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What characterizes covalent bonding?

Covalent bonding occurs when atoms share electrons to achieve stability, often resulting in molecules.

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What makes ionic bonding different?

Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons, forming ions with opposite charges that attract.

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Study Notes

Atomic Structure and Bonding

  • Atoms have a nucleus with protons and neutrons, and electrons outside the nucleus
  • Bohr model describes electrons orbiting the nucleus in energy levels (shells)
  • Principle quantum number (n) describes the energy level of an electron.
  • Each energy level can have more than one sublevel
  • Electrons occupy orbitals within each energy level
  • Electrons transfer from lower energy levels to higher energy levels when energy is absorbed; Electrons release energy to return to lower energy levels

Ionic Compounds

  • Ionic compounds are formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms
  • One atom loses electrons (becoming a positively charged ion called cation), and the other gains electrons (becoming a negatively charged ion called anion)
  • Ions are attracted to each other, and form an ionic bond
  • Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.

Covalent Compounds

  • Covalent compounds have low melting and boiling points
  • Electrons are shared between atoms to form covalent bond
  • Atoms keep their structure by having electrons moving around positive ions

Organic Compounds

  • Organic compounds are primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms,
  • They can form single, double, or triple bonds, and complex structures.

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of atomic structure, including the Bohr model and the behavior of electrons in energy levels. Delve into ionic and covalent bonding, focusing on how atoms interact through electron transfer and sharing. This quiz is essential for understanding the basics of chemical compounds.

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