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Questions and Answers
Which type of bond is found in a saturated fatty acid?
Which type of bond is found in a saturated fatty acid?
What pH range do acids typically fall within?
What pH range do acids typically fall within?
What is the role of an enzyme in a chemical reaction?
What is the role of an enzyme in a chemical reaction?
Which compound is identified as organic?
Which compound is identified as organic?
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Which component of a nucleotide is NOT one of its parts?
Which component of a nucleotide is NOT one of its parts?
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What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?
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Which type of molecule is recognized for having a positive and a negative charge due to unequal sharing of electrons?
Which type of molecule is recognized for having a positive and a negative charge due to unequal sharing of electrons?
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What do buffers do in biological systems?
What do buffers do in biological systems?
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What is the monomer of proteins?
What is the monomer of proteins?
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Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing long-term energy?
Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing long-term energy?
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Which of the following is a polymer of carbohydrates?
Which of the following is a polymer of carbohydrates?
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What function do nucleic acids primarily serve?
What function do nucleic acids primarily serve?
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What term describes the process by which amino acids are linked together to form proteins?
What term describes the process by which amino acids are linked together to form proteins?
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Which of the following is an example of a lipid?
Which of the following is an example of a lipid?
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What is a function of carbohydrates in plants?
What is a function of carbohydrates in plants?
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Which of the following polysaccharides is known for its structural role in plants?
Which of the following polysaccharides is known for its structural role in plants?
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Which of the following macromolecules is involved in accelerating chemical reactions?
Which of the following macromolecules is involved in accelerating chemical reactions?
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What would be the primary function of triglycerides?
What would be the primary function of triglycerides?
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Study Notes
Acids & Bases
- Strong acids release the most H+ ions.
- Acids have a pH from 0 to 6.9.
- Bases have a pH from 7.1 to 14.
Polar Molecules
- Polar molecules have atoms that don't share electrons equally.
- This creates a positive charge on one side and a negative charge on the other.
- Water is an example of a polar molecule.
Organic Compounds
- Organic compounds contain Carbon.
- Each Carbon atom can form four chemical bonds to other atoms.
- This makes Carbon the building block of life.
Inorganic Compounds
- Inorganic compounds do not contain Carbon.
Polymers and Monomers
- Lipids are polymers made of fatty acid monomers.
- Proteins are polymers made of amino acid monomers.
- Carbohydrates (polysaccharides) are polymers made of simple sugar monomers.
- Nucleic acids are polymers made of nucleotide monomers.
Functions of Polymers
- Lipids provide long-term energy storage, insulation, and water-proofing.
- Proteins act as enzymes, regulate cell metabolism, and build body tissues.
- Carbohydrates provide short-term energy storage.
- Nucleic acids store hereditary information and code for proteins.
Enzymes
- Enzymes speed up the rate of chemical reactions.
- Enzymes are protein catalysts that only work with specific substrates.
- The active site of an enzyme is perfectly shaped for its specific substrate.
- Enzymes lower activation energy.
Polypeptides & Polysaccharides
- Polypeptide is another name for a protein.
- Polysaccharide is another name for carbohydrate.
Nucleotides
- A nucleotide has three parts: sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.
Fatty Acids
- Saturated fatty acids contain only single bonds.
- Saturated fatty acids can clog arteries due to their linear structure.
- Unsaturated fatty acids contain double bonds, giving them a bent shape.
- Unsaturated fatty acids are less likely to build up in arteries due to their bent shape.
Biomolecules Summary
- Nucleic acids are polymers made of nucleotides.
- DNA and RNA are examples of nucleic acids.
- Nucleic acids carry the instructions for making proteins and store hereditary information.
- Lipids are polymers made of fatty acids.
- Triglycerides, waxes, steroids, fats, oils, and phospholipids are examples of lipids.
- Lipids provide long-term energy storage, cell membranes, insulation, and organ protection.
- Proteins are polymers made of amino acids.
- Polypeptides, enzymes, insulin, hemoglobin, and hormones are examples of proteins.
- Proteins regulate chemical reactions and build body tissues.
- Carbohydrates are polymers made of monosaccharides.
- Polysaccharides, cellulose, glycogen, starch, and chitin are examples of carbohydrates.
- Carbohydrates provide short-term energy and structural support in plants.
Buffering
- A buffering agent keeps the pH constant in a cell.
- Basic medicine can counteract acid reflux.
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Description
Test your knowledge of acids, bases, and the structure of organic and inorganic compounds. This quiz also covers polymers and their functions, including examples like lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. Perfect for high school chemistry students!
