Chemistry 40S Exam Review
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following reactions will proceed spontaneously?

  • Ag + Cu2+
  • Li+ + Zn2+
  • Sn + I-
  • Ni2+ + Al (correct)
  • The reaction Cr2O72- + Fe2+ + 14 H+ → 2 Cr3+ + 6 Fe3+ + 7 H20 will not proceed spontaneously.

    False (B)

    What are the products of the following reaction in acidic conditions: Sb2O5 + I- →

    Sb3+ and I2

    In an electrolytic cell used to plate a metal with chromium, the metal to be plated is the ______.

    <p>cathode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following half-reactions with their respective electrode in an electrochemical cell: (Note: Use reaction in item 6)

    <p>Cr(s) → Cr3+ + 3e- = Anode Pb2+ + 2e- → Pb(s) = Cathode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the reaction MnO$_2$ + 4 HCl → MnCl$_2$ + Cl$_2$ + 2 H$_2$O, which element is reduced?

    <p>Manganese (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an electrolytic cell, a non-spontaneous redox reaction is driven by an external power source.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the oxidizing agent in the reaction 2 CrO$_2^- $ + ClO$^-$ + OH$^-$ → 2 CrO$_4^{2-}$ + 3 Cl$^-$ + H$_2$O

    <p>ClO-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a redox reaction, the species that loses electrons is said to be ______ .

    <p>oxidized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following half-reactions with their balanced form in an acidic solution:

    <p>MnO$_4^-$ → Mn$^{2+}$ = MnO$_4^-$ + 8H$^+$ + 5e$^-$ → Mn$^{2+}$ + 4H$_2$O Cr$_2$O$_7^{2-}$ → Cr$^{3+}$ = Cr$_2$O$_7^{2-}$ + 14H$^+$ + 6e$^-$ → 2Cr$^{3+}$ + 7H$_2$O NO$_3^-$ → NO = NO$_3^-$ + 4H$^+$ + 3e$^-$ → NO + 2H$_2$O SO$_4^{2-}$ → SO$_2$ = SO$_4^{2-}$ + 4H$^+$ + 2e$^-$ → SO$_2$ + 2H$_2$O</p> Signup and view all the answers

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    Flashcards

    Redox reaction

    A chemical reaction where electrons are transferred between reactants.

    Reduction

    A half-reaction that involves the gain of electrons, causing a decrease in oxidation number.

    Oxidation

    A half-reaction that involves the loss of electrons, causing an increase in oxidation number.

    Galvanic Cell

    A type of electrochemical cell that converts chemical energy into electrical energy, driven by spontaneous redox reactions.

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    Electrolytic Cell

    A type of electrochemical cell that uses electrical energy to drive non-spontaneous redox reactions.

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    Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reaction

    A chemical reaction where electrons are transferred between reactants; involves the exchange of electrons, leading to changes in oxidation states.

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    Oxidizing Agent

    A substance that gains electrons in a redox reaction, causing the oxidation of another substance. It is itself reduced, meaning its oxidation number decreases.

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    Reducing Agent

    A substance that loses electrons in a redox reaction, causing the reduction of another substance. It is itself oxidized, meaning its oxidation number increases.

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    Half-Reaction Method

    A method of balancing redox reactions that involves separating the overall reaction into two half-reactions, one for oxidation and one for reduction, and balancing each half-reaction separately before recombining them.

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    Study Notes

    Chemistry 40S Exam Review

    • This review package provides examples of long-answer questions covering topics from the year. It does not cover all the theory, so use your unit notes, unit outcomes (found in each unit booklet), and tests/quizzes to prepare.

    Topics Covered

    • Oxidation and Reduction and Electrochemistry: Includes oxidation numbers, oxidizing/reducing agents, balancing half/full redox reactions (acidic/basic), electrolytic cells, electroplating, and calculations using Faraday's law, electrochemical cells, and corrosion.
    • Chemical Kinetics: Covers reaction rates, factors affecting rates (collision theory), reaction mechanisms, potential energy diagrams (catalyzed/uncatalyzed), rate laws, and reaction orders.
    • Chemical Equilibrium and Ksp: Details mass action expressions (Kc and Kp), percent yield, ICE charts, Le Chatelier's principle, graphing, and calculating Ksp or molar solubilities, the effect of a common ion on solubility, and determining precipitate formation.
    • Acids and Bases: Explores electrolytes vs. nonelectrolytes, Arrhenius and Brønsted-Lowry definitions, conjugate acid-base pairs, self-ionization of water (Kw), ionization constants (Ka and Kb), pH/pOH calculations, indicators, and neutralization/titration problems.
    • Atomic Structure: Includes the quantum mechanical model of the atom, electron configurations, orbital diagrams, wavelength/frequency/energy calculations, spectra (continuous vs. bright line), and periodic trends (atomic/ionic radii, ionization energy, electronegativity).

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    Prepare for your Chemistry 40S exam with this comprehensive review. It focuses on long-answer questions related to oxidation-reduction, chemical kinetics, and equilibrium. Utilize this package in conjunction with your class notes and tests for optimal success.

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