Chemistry 20 Flashcards

Study Notes

A compound is a pure substance made from atoms of two or more different elements.
An ionic compound consists of a non-metal and a metal, forming through electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
A covalent bond occurs when two nuclei simultaneously attract a shared pair of electrons, resulting in the formation of molecules.
A molecular compound is exclusively formed from non-metal elements.

A concentrated solution has a high ratio of solute to solvent, indicating a strong presence of solute particles.
A solution is a homogeneous mixture where a solute is dissolved in a solvent, leading to uniform distribution of components.
The solute is the substance that dissolves in a solution, characterized by its bonds being broken by the solvent.
A standard solution has a known and precise concentration, essential for quantitative chemical analysis.

Mole ratio refers to the proportional relationship of coefficients in a balanced chemical equation, crucial for stoichiometry.
A qualitative property of solution can be observed through the senses, detailing characteristics such as color, taste, and odor.

Valence electrons are found in the outermost energy level of an atom and play a key role in chemical bonding.
Metals are malleable, ductile, and characterized by good electrical and thermal conductivity, often forming positive ions.
An electron is a negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus, essential for chemical reactions and bonding.
A neutron is a neutrally charged particle located within the atomic nucleus, contributing to atomic mass.
A proton carries a positive charge and, along with neutrons, forms the nucleus of an atom.

An isotope is a variant of an element defined by its atomic mass, displaying the same number of protons but differing numbers of neutrons.
An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in an electrical charge.
A cation is a positively charged ion, formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.
An anion is a negatively charged ion, created when an atom gains one or more electrons.