Chemistry 10th Class: Atomic Structure
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Chemistry 10th Class: Atomic Structure

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Questions and Answers

What is the charge of an anion?

  • Variable charge
  • Positive charge
  • Negative charge (correct)
  • Neutral charge

    • Which of the following correctly identifies the number of electrons in a cation?

  • Two less than the number of protons
  • Equal to the number of protons
  • One more than the number of protons
  • One less than the number of protons (correct)

    • Which of the following statements about metalloids is true?

  • They have no uses in electronics.
  • They are always good conductors of electricity.
  • They can only form monatomic ions.
  • They exhibit both metallic and nonmetallic properties. (correct)

    • How many nuclei are contained in a polyatomic molecule?

    <p>Three or more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct classification of Na+?

    <p>Monatomic ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many protons and electrons are in 34 Se 2-?

    <p>34 protons, 32 electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a diatomic molecule?

    <p>A molecule containing two atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a polyatomic ion?

    <p>NH4+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concept of Dalton's Atomic Theory regarding elements?

    <p>All atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and chemical properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct relationship between mass number and atomic number?

    <p>Mass number equals atomic number plus the number of neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are isotopes defined?

    <p>Atoms with the same atomic number but differing mass numbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the nuclei of atoms?

    <p>Nuclei contain both positive protons and neutral neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many neutrons are present in the isotope 146C?

    <p>8 neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the atomic number (Z) represent in an atom?

    <p>The number of protons or electrons in the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct nomenclature for the compound represented by the formula CO?

    <p>Carbon monoxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following acids is correctly named based on the anion present?

    <p>H2SO3 - Sulfurous acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to atoms during a chemical reaction according to Dalton's Atomic Theory?

    <p>Atoms are rearranged but not created or destroyed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for diphosphorus pentasulfide?

    <p>P2S5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which particle in the nucleus has a negligible mass compared to protons?

    <p>Neutron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the formula for potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

    <p>KH2PO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds contains hydroxide ions when dissolved in water?

    <p>Ba(OH)2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of compound is NaOCl commonly known as?

    <p>Sodium hypochlorite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly identifies the nature of the compound CsClO4?

    <p>Binary ionic compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct name for the anion SO4^2-?

    <p>Sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must the sum of the charges on the cation(s) and anion(s) in an ionic compound formula equal?

    <p>Zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Considering binary ionic compounds, how is a monatomic anion named?

    <p>By using the root of the element name and adding –ide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct name for the ionic compound CaBr2?

    <p>Calcium bromide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are transition metals that can form multiple positive ions specified in their compound names?

    <p>By including a Roman numeral indicating the charge of the cation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for the compound formed between aluminum and oxygen?

    <p>Al2O3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct name for the ionic compound FeCl2?

    <p>Iron(II) chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ions is a polyatomic ion?

    <p>SO4^2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Type II binary ionic compounds from Type I?

    <p>They include metals that can form more than one type of positive ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct unbalanced equation for the reaction of hydrogen and chlorine gas to form hydrochloric acid?

    <p>H2(g) + Cl2(g) 2HCl(g)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In balancing the equation for the formation of water from hydrogen and oxygen, what is the balanced form?

    <p>2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When balancing the equation FeO(s) + O2(g) Fe2O3(s), what is the sum of the coefficients in standard form?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best represents the law of conservation of mass as it relates to chemical reactions?

    <p>The number of atoms in the reactants must equal the number in products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proper mechanism for balancing a chemical equation by inspection?

    <p>Begin with the most complicated molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In balancing the reaction CaO + C CaC2 + CO2, which of the following is incorrect?

    <p>CaO + C 2CaC2 + 2CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these conditions must be true for a chemical equation to be considered balanced?

    <p>The number of atoms for each element must be the same on both sides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about physical states in chemical equations is true?

    <p>States provide information on the form of matter in the equation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Dalton’s Atomic Theory

    • Elements are composed of atoms. All atoms of the same element are identical, with the same size, mass, and chemical properties. Different elements have different atoms.
    • Compounds are made of different types of atoms. One compound will always have the same ratio of each type of atom.
    • Atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical reactions. Only rearranged.

    The Structure of the Atom

    • Atoms have a positive nucleus containing most of the atom's mass.
    • The nucleus is surrounded by negatively charged electrons.

    Nuclear Structure; Isotopes

    • A proton is a nuclear particle with positive charge and is heavier than an electron.
    • The atomic number (Z) is the number of protons in the nucleus.
    • A neutron is a nuclear particle with almost the same mass as a proton but no charge.
    • An element is identified by its atomic number.
    • The mass number (A) is the total number of protons and neutrons.
    • Isotopes are atoms of the same element, with the same atomic number, but different mass numbers (different number of neutrons).

    Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

    • Metals are lustrous, good conductors of heat and electricity.
    • Nonmetals are not metallic. They are usually brittle in their solid form.
    • Metalloids have properties of both metals and nonmetals, and are often semi-conductors.

    Molecules

    • A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
    • A diatomic molecule has two atoms. Example: H2, O2, N2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2.
    • A polyatomic molecule has more than two atoms. Example: H2O, NH3, CO2

    Ions

    • An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge.
    • A cation is a positively charged ion formed when a neutral atom loses electrons.
    • An anion is negatively charged ion formed when a neutral atom gains electrons.
    • A monatomic ion is a single atom with a charge. Example: Na+, Cl-.
    • A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms with a net charge. Example: OH-, NO3-, SO42-.

    Ionic Compounds

    • Ionic compounds are made of cations and anions.
    • The sum of the charges for each formula unit must equal zero.

    Chemical Nomenclature

    • Binary Compounds are made of two elements.
    • Binary Ionic Compounds (Type 1) are formed from a metal cation and a nonmetal anion.
    • Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II) are formed from metals that can have multiple positive charges.
    • Polyatomic Ions are groups of atoms with an overall charge.
    • Binary Covalent Compounds (Type III) are formed from two nonmetals.

    Acids

    • Acids produce H+ ions when dissolved in water.
    • An acid molecule has one or more H+ ions attached to an anion.
    • If the anion doesn't contain oxygen, the prefix hydro- is used, and the suffix -ic is added.
    • If the anion contains oxygen, the root name of the anion is used, and the suffix -ic or -ous is added depending on the anion.

    Bases

    • Bases produce hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water.

    Chemical Equations

    • Chemical reactions are represented by chemical equations.
    • Reactants are on the left side of the equation.
    • Products are on the right side of the equation.
    • Atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical reactions, so the same number of atoms on each side of the equation.
    • The physical states of compounds can be represented by letters in the chemical equation.

    Balancing Chemical Equations

    • The coefficients in front of each chemical formula in a balanced equation indicate the number of molecules involved in the reaction.
    • The coefficients are adjusted to ensure an equal number of each atom type on both sides.
    • Balancing is done by inspection starting with the most complex molecule.

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    Atoms, Molecules and Ions PDF

    Description

    Test your understanding of Dalton’s Atomic Theory and the structure of the atom in this quiz. Covering key concepts on elements, compounds, and nuclear structure, this quiz will assess your knowledge of atomic particles and isotopes. Perfect for 10th-grade chemistry students!

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