Chemistry 1000: Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry
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Questions and Answers

Who is credited with discovering the law of conservation of mass?

  • Antoine Lavoisier (correct)
  • Democritus
  • Joseph Proust
  • John Dalton

    • What does the Greek term 'atom' mean?

  • Fire element
  • Not cut (correct)
  • Solid particle
  • Subdivided matter

    • According to John Dalton's atomic theory, what is true about all matter?

  • All matter consists of air, earth, fire, water elements.
  • Atoms retain their identity in all chemical reactions. (correct)
  • Different elements have identical atoms.
  • Atoms are destructible and lose their identity in chemical reactions.

    • What did Democritus propose about matter that differed from Greek philosophers?

    <p>Matter can be divided until indivisible particles are reached.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist proposed that compounds consist of elements combined in small whole-number ratios?

    <p>Joseph Proust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the law of constant composition, what does a given chemical compound always contain?

    <p>Its component elements in fixed ratio (by mass)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of an electron?

    <p>-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is atomic mass on the periodic table a weighted average of?

    <p>Mass and abundance of each isotope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subatomic particle is located in the nucleus and has a charge of +1?

    <p>Proton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of silicon, which isotope has the highest natural abundance?

    <p>28Si (27.9769 u)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For gallium, what is the average atomic mass?

    <p>69.723 u</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes up most of an atom's mass?

    <p>Protons and Neutrons in the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which isotopes of gallium are naturally occurring?

    <p>Both 69Ga and 71Ga</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines an element?

    <h1>Protons</h1> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the number of protons and neutrons in an atom?

    <p>Mass number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the natural abundance of an isotope calculated?

    <p>By multiplying the number of atoms of that isotope by 100% total number of atoms of the element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to refer to atoms of the same element with different mass numbers?

    <p>Isotopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can isotope ratios be utilized according to the text?

    <p>To determine the year of birth by analyzing tooth enamel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant forensic application mentioned in the text?

    <p>Determining the age of tooth enamel using isotopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the year of birth be determined using isotopes from tooth enamel?

    <p>By analyzing the proportion of 14C incorporated in the enamel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique is mentioned for measuring isotopes in a sample?

    <p>Mass Spectrometry (MS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do chemists treat most elements as consisting of 'averaged' atoms?

    <p>To simplify the analysis of isotopic ratios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon led to a method for dating samples based on isotopes, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Atmospheric changes during nuclear bomb testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

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