23 Questions
Who is credited with discovering the law of conservation of mass?
Antoine Lavoisier
What does the Greek term 'atom' mean?
Not cut
According to John Dalton's atomic theory, what is true about all matter?
Atoms retain their identity in all chemical reactions.
What did Democritus propose about matter that differed from Greek philosophers?
Matter can be divided until indivisible particles are reached.
Which scientist proposed that compounds consist of elements combined in small whole-number ratios?
Joseph Proust
According to the law of constant composition, what does a given chemical compound always contain?
Its component elements in fixed ratio (by mass)
What is the charge of an electron?
-1
What is atomic mass on the periodic table a weighted average of?
Mass and abundance of each isotope
Which subatomic particle is located in the nucleus and has a charge of +1?
Proton
In the context of silicon, which isotope has the highest natural abundance?
28Si (27.9769 u)
For gallium, what is the average atomic mass?
69.723 u
What makes up most of an atom's mass?
Protons and Neutrons in the nucleus
Which isotopes of gallium are naturally occurring?
Both 69Ga and 71Ga
What defines an element?
Protons
Which term describes the number of protons and neutrons in an atom?
Mass number
How is the natural abundance of an isotope calculated?
By multiplying the number of atoms of that isotope by 100% total number of atoms of the element
What term is used to refer to atoms of the same element with different mass numbers?
Isotopes
How can isotope ratios be utilized according to the text?
To determine the year of birth by analyzing tooth enamel
What is a significant forensic application mentioned in the text?
Determining the age of tooth enamel using isotopes
How can the year of birth be determined using isotopes from tooth enamel?
By analyzing the proportion of 14C incorporated in the enamel
What technique is mentioned for measuring isotopes in a sample?
Mass Spectrometry (MS)
Why do chemists treat most elements as consisting of 'averaged' atoms?
To simplify the analysis of isotopic ratios
What phenomenon led to a method for dating samples based on isotopes, as mentioned in the text?
Atmospheric changes during nuclear bomb testing
Explore the history of atomic theory with a focus on Ancient Greek philosophers and Democritus' concept of the atom. Learn about the contributions of Antoine Lavoisier to the development of modern chemistry. Get ready for exercises from Topic #1 in Dr. Susan Findlay's Fall 2020 course.
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