Chemical Similarities and Evolution

Questions and Answers

What can support the 'Theory of Evolution' according to DNA comparisons?

All mutations are harmful.

Common ancestors are always identical.

Species can have no genes in common.

Different species can share a common ancestor. (correct)

If two species share identical genes, they cannot be considered related.

False

What process occurs when one population becomes too different to reproduce with another population?

Speciation

Mutations that enhance suitability for an environment may change some ______ but not all.

genes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

Speciation = Process where new species arise Mutations = Changes in DNA sequence Alleles = Different forms of a gene Proteins = Molecules that perform cellular tasks Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of comparing protein sequences between species?

More differences indicate more time since initial speciation. Signup and view all the answers

How do mutations in DNA relate to proteins?

Mutations can change the code for the protein, resulting in new alleles of the gene. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Comparing DNA and the Theory of Evolution

DNA comparison reveals genetic similarities, indicating potential common ancestry between species.
Speciation occurs when populations diverge significantly and can no longer interbreed, leading to distinct species.
Despite speciation, many genes and alleles may still be shared between the diverging species.
Mutations can modify specific genes to enhance adaptability to new environments while retaining some shared genetic traits.
The presence of identical or similar genes suggests a close evolutionary relationship, tracing back to a common ancestor.

Comparing Protein Sequences and Evolutionary Evidence

DNA instructs the synthesis of proteins, essential for cellular functions and processes.
Mutations in DNA sequences can lead to altered protein structures, producing new alleles of genes over generations.
Accumulation of mutations over extended periods results in more pronounced differences between species, illustrating evolutionary divergence.
Greater time since speciation typically correlates with increased genetic and protein sequence variability among organisms.

Description

This quiz explores how comparing DNA between different species can bolster the Theory of Evolution. It delves into the processes of speciation, common ancestry, and the genetic similarities and differences that arise through environmental adaptation and mutations.