Chemical Reactivity and Trends in Groups I and II
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Questions and Answers

What describes the most significant difference between calcium atoms in adjacent layers?

  • The number of calcium atoms in a single layer
  • The placement of layers
  • The distance of calcium atoms (correct)
  • The coordination between calcium atoms in a single layer

    • The color variations in solid samples containing phosphorus are due to which of the following?

  • Atomic masses
  • Ionization energies
  • Nuclear charges (correct)
  • Molecular structures

    • Which empirical formula corresponds to the compound produced when graphite reacts with potassium?

  • KC
  • K4C
  • K2C
  • KCg (correct)

    • What best describes the structure of the compound produced from graphite and potassium?

    <p>K ions close-packed with polyhedral C ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the placement of layers affect the properties of solid materials?

    <p>It influences thermal conductivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about calcium atom coordination in layers is accurate?

    <p>Coordination varies based on the atomic distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do molecular structures play in the physical properties of solid phosphorus compounds?

    <p>They influence melting points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calcium atoms in adjacent layers differ primarily in which aspect?

    <p>The bonding interactions compared to single layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds includes sodium among its components?

    <p>NaCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is likely to have the largest ionization energy?

    <p>Beryllium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which series correctly arranges the elements in order of increasing first ionization energy?

    <p>P, Mg, Cl, Ne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion is expected to have the smallest ionic radius?

    <p>Ca2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend occurs in atomic radius as you move down Group II elements?

    <p>The atomic radius increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the chemical reactivity of Group I elements change with increasing atomic number?

    <p>Reactivity increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is a hydroxide found among the options?

    <p>Cr(OH)3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which sequence do the given atoms arrange in order of increasing size?

    <p>Mg, Ba, Cs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ions is diamagnetic?

    <p>Mg2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complex ion is capable of cis-trans isomerization?

    <p>Square planar [PtBrCl2]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are coordination compounds containing Cu colored while those containing Cu+ are not?

    <p>Cu+ has completely filled 3d orbitals, preventing electron transfer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following carbonyl complexes would be expected to be the most reactive?

    <p>V(CO)5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about square planar geometries is true?

    <p>They can only exist with d8 metal centers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What electron configuration can be associated with a colored coordination compound?

    <p>d3-d6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to the diamagnetic property of an ion?

    <p>All electrons are paired.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of complex is generally expected to have a square planar geometry?

    <p>Complexes with d8 metal ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species contributes most to the production of acid rain?

    <p>Nitric oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolytic cell is used for the industrial production of sodium hydroxide?

    <p>Cell Z</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rechargeable battery types are mentioned?

    <p>Nickel-cadmium battery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced at the anode during the electrolysis of brine?

    <p>Chlorine gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary potential environmental concern associated with nitrogen oxides?

    <p>Formation of acid rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pair exhibits the greatest ratio of ionic radius to atomic radius?

    <p>I. B3:B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process used to produce sodium hydroxide industrially?

    <p>Electrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is classified as the least stable?

    <p>SF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following electrolytic processes does not typically yield sodium hydroxide?

    <p>Electrolysis of sodium sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the monosulfur fluorides, which are polar species?

    <p>I and II only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a byproduct of the electrolysis of brine?

    <p>Sodium hypochlorite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which gas-phase atom are the 2s electrons closest to the nucleus on average?

    <p>N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What compound precipitates when silicon is oxidized by O2 and treated with aqueous hydrochloric acid?

    <p>SiO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best explains the observation that phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) acts as an ionic compound in the solid state?

    <p>The electronegativity difference between P and Cl creates ionic character.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about SF2, SF, OF, and OF2 is correct regarding their stability?

    <p>SF2 is less stable than OF2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately represents the molecular polarity of SF4?

    <p>SF4 is polar because it has an asymmetric shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chemical Reactivity of Group I and II Elements

    • The chemical reactivity of group I and II elements decreases within a group with increasing atomic number.
    • The chemical reactivity increases from group I to group II.
    • Beryllium has the smallest chemical reactivity among group II elements.
    • Lithium has the largest chemical reactivity among group I elements.

    Ionization Energy

    • The ionization energy increases across a period (from left to right) due to the increasing nuclear charge.
    • Ionization energy decreases down a group (from top to bottom) as electrons are further away from the nucleus and are less tightly bound.

    Atomic Radius

    • Atoms of group I elements are larger than those of group II elements.
    • Atomic radius increases down a group due to an increasing number of electron shells.

    Ionic Radius

    • Ionic radius increases as the number of electron shells increases.
    • The ionic radius of an atom is smaller than its atomic radius.
    • Br- ion has the smallest ionic radius among the listed ions (K+, Ca2+, V, Br- ).

    Solid Phosphorus

    • Solid samples of phosphorus can be white, black, or red in color.
    • These variations in color are due to different molecular structures.

    Ionic Compound

    • Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) is an ionic compound in the solid state due to the significant difference in electronegativity between phosphorus and chlorine atoms.

    Coordination Complexes

    • Coordination complexes containing Cu+ are colored because the 3d orbitals are partially filled, allowing for electronic transitions that absorb specific wavelengths of visible light.
    • Coordination complexes containing Cu2+ are not colored because the 3d orbitals are filled, preventing electronic transitions.

    Carbonyl Complexes

    • The reactivity of homoleptic carbonyl complexes depends on the transition metal's electron count.
    • Complexes with a lower electron count are more reactive because they have an increased electron deficiency.

    Acid Rain

    • Acid rain is primarily caused by the release of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) into the atmosphere.
    • NOx contributes most to the production of acid rain.
    • The ozone layer is not a major contributor to acid rain.

    Industrial Production of Sodium Hydroxide

    • NaOH is produced by the electrolysis of brine (aqueous NaCl) using a diaphragm cell.
    • The electrolysis of brine produces chlorine gas (Cl2) at the anode.

    Rechargeable Batteries

    • Rechargeable batteries include lead-acid storage batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries.
    • Dry cells are not rechargeable batteries.

    Diamagnetic Ions

    • Diamagnetic ions have all their electrons paired, creating a net magnetic moment of zero.
    • Mg2+ is diamagnetic, while Co2+ is paramagnetic.

    Cis-Trans Isomerization

    • Complex ions that have a square planar or octahedral geometry can exhibit cis-trans isomerization.
    • For instance, [PtBrCl2] (square planar) and [CrBr(NH3)5] (octahedral) can exist as cis and trans isomers.

    Ozone Layer Depletion

    • Ozone layer depletion is primarily caused by the release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting substances.
    • Nitrogen oxides can also contribute to ozone depletion but are less significant compared to CFCs.

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    INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Past Paper 2019-08-08 PDF

    Description

    Explore the chemical reactivity, ionization energy, atomic radius, and ionic radius of group I and II elements. This quiz covers important trends and comparisons within the periodic table. Test your knowledge on how these properties vary with atomic number and group position.

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