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Questions and Answers
What notation is used to represent a substance in a gaseous state in a chemical equation?
What notation is used to represent a substance in a gaseous state in a chemical equation?
- (l)
- (aq)
- (g) (correct)
- (s)
In a balanced chemical equation, which of the following indicates a solution in water?
In a balanced chemical equation, which of the following indicates a solution in water?
- (aq) (correct)
- (l)
- (s)
- (g)
Why are physical states usually not included in chemical equations?
Why are physical states usually not included in chemical equations?
- They can unnecessarily complicate the equation. (correct)
- Chemical equations never involve physical states.
- They are always irrelevant to the reaction.
- It is always necessary to know the states.
What is the physical state of water when it is represented as H2O(g) in a chemical reaction?
What is the physical state of water when it is represented as H2O(g) in a chemical reaction?
What does the symbol (l) indicate about a substance in a chemical equation?
What does the symbol (l) indicate about a substance in a chemical equation?
If a chemical equation includes conditions such as temperature and catalyst, where are these typically indicated?
If a chemical equation includes conditions such as temperature and catalyst, where are these typically indicated?
In the reaction 6CO2(aq) + 12H2O(l) → C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(aq) + 6H2O(l), what does the term C6H12O6 represent?
In the reaction 6CO2(aq) + 12H2O(l) → C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(aq) + 6H2O(l), what does the term C6H12O6 represent?
What is the purpose of balancing a chemical equation?
What is the purpose of balancing a chemical equation?
What is observed when lead nitrate is heated?
What is observed when lead nitrate is heated?
What is the byproduct of heating lead nitrate along with the lead oxide formed?
What is the byproduct of heating lead nitrate along with the lead oxide formed?
Which gas is collected at the cathode during the electrolysis of water?
Which gas is collected at the cathode during the electrolysis of water?
What happens to the volume of gas collected in both test tubes during the electrolysis setup?
What happens to the volume of gas collected in both test tubes during the electrolysis setup?
What safety precaution should be emphasized when testing the gases produced in the electrolysis experiment?
What safety precaution should be emphasized when testing the gases produced in the electrolysis experiment?
What is the chemical formula for the reaction occurring when lead nitrate is heated?
What is the chemical formula for the reaction occurring when lead nitrate is heated?
What initial substance is required to start the electrolysis of water in the described activity?
What initial substance is required to start the electrolysis of water in the described activity?
What are the products of the reaction between potassium metal and water?
What are the products of the reaction between potassium metal and water?
What kind of electrodes are used in the electrolysis of water experiment?
What kind of electrodes are used in the electrolysis of water experiment?
Which of the following is the balanced equation for the reaction of barium chloride with potassium sulfate?
Which of the following is the balanced equation for the reaction of barium chloride with potassium sulfate?
Which type of reaction takes place when zinc carbonate decomposes into zinc oxide and carbon dioxide?
Which type of reaction takes place when zinc carbonate decomposes into zinc oxide and carbon dioxide?
What does respiration release as a result of its chemical reaction?
What does respiration release as a result of its chemical reaction?
What is the main difference between a displacement reaction and a double displacement reaction?
What is the main difference between a displacement reaction and a double displacement reaction?
In the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, which product is formed?
In the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, which product is formed?
Which of the following describes a precipitation reaction?
Which of the following describes a precipitation reaction?
What type of reaction occurs when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid?
What type of reaction occurs when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid?
What is the resulting solid product when ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) is heated?
What is the resulting solid product when ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) is heated?
Which gas is produced during the thermal decomposition of ferrous sulphate?
Which gas is produced during the thermal decomposition of ferrous sulphate?
What type of reaction occurs when ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) decomposes upon heating?
What type of reaction occurs when ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) decomposes upon heating?
After heating ferrous sulphate, what color change is typically observed?
After heating ferrous sulphate, what color change is typically observed?
Which of the following is true about calcium oxide (quick lime)?
Which of the following is true about calcium oxide (quick lime)?
What is the chemical equation for the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate?
What is the chemical equation for the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate?
What characterizes a thermal decomposition reaction?
What characterizes a thermal decomposition reaction?
Which statement about sulfur trioxide is correct following the thermal decomposition of ferrous sulphate?
Which statement about sulfur trioxide is correct following the thermal decomposition of ferrous sulphate?
What is formed when calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide?
What is formed when calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide?
Which of the following is an example of an exothermic reaction?
Which of the following is an example of an exothermic reaction?
Which reaction represents a combination reaction?
Which reaction represents a combination reaction?
What type of process is respiration classified as?
What type of process is respiration classified as?
What happens during a combination reaction?
What happens during a combination reaction?
Which of the following reactions releases energy as a result?
Which of the following reactions releases energy as a result?
What is the main characteristic of an exothermic reaction?
What is the main characteristic of an exothermic reaction?
Which equation correctly represents the decomposition of glucose in respiration?
Which equation correctly represents the decomposition of glucose in respiration?
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Study Notes
Chemical Symbols in Equations
- (g), (l), (aq), and (s) are used to denote the gaseous, liquid, aqueous (dissolved in water), and solid states of reactants and products, respectively.
Balancing Chemical Equations
- The number of atoms of each element on the reactant side must equal numbers on the product side.
- Balancing occurs by adding coefficients in front of chemical formulas.
Reaction Conditions
- Temperature, pressure, or catalysts can be indicated above and/or below the arrow in a chemical equation.
Combination Reactions
- Two or more substances combine to form a single product.
- Heat is usually released (exothermic reaction).
- The burning of coal (C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g)), and the formation of water (2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l)) are examples of combination reactions.
Decomposition Reactions
- A single reactant breaks down into two or more simpler products.
- Heating ferrous sulphate crystals (FeSO4. 7H2O) is an example.
Thermal Decomposition Reaction
- Decomposition reaction driven by heat.
- Example: decomposing limestone (CaCO3(s)) into quicklime (CaO(s)) and carbon dioxide (CO2(g)).
Electrolysis of Water
- Water can be decomposed using electricity (electrolysis).
- The process produces hydrogen gas (H2) at the cathode and oxygen gas (O2) at the anode.
Types of Chemical Reactions
- Combination
- Two or more substances combine to form a single product.
- Example: 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l)
- Decomposition
- A single reactant breaks down into two or more simpler products.
- Example: CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)
- Displacement
- One element replaces another element in a compound.
- Example: Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) → FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
- Double Displacement
- Ions of two reactants switch places.
- Example: AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
- Precipitation
- An insoluble solid (precipitate) forms from a reaction in a solution.
- Example: BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
- Exothermic reactions
- Reactions that release heat.
- Example: Burning of natural gas (CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g))
- Endothermic reactions
- Reactions that absorb heat.
- Example: Melting of ice (H2O(s) → H2O(l))
Oxidation and Reduction
- Oxidation: Gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen.
- Example: 2Cu(s) + O2(g) → 2CuO(s)
- Reduction: Loss of oxygen or gain of hydrogen.
- Example: CuO(s) + H2(g) → Cu(s) + H2O(l)
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