Chemical Reactions Overview
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Chemical Reactions Overview

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Questions and Answers

What indicates that a chemical reaction has taken place?

  • Change in state (correct)
  • No change in colour
  • No gas evolved
  • No temperature change

    • The new substance formed in a chemical reaction is called a reactant.

    False

    What is the word-equation for the reaction of magnesium with oxygen?

    Magnesium + Oxygen → Magnesium oxide

    The substances that undergo chemical change are called ______.

    <p>reactants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the substances with their categories:

    <p>Magnesium = Reactant Magnesium oxide = Product Oxygen = Reactant Sulphuric acid = Reactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of observation that indicates a chemical reaction?

    <p>Change in shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The arrow in a word-equation indicates the transition from products to reactants.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced when magnesium burns in oxygen?

    <p>Magnesium oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the products of the decomposition of ferrous sulphate when heated?

    <p>Fe2O3 and SO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thermal decomposition reactions require heating to occur.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate produce?

    <p>Calcium oxide and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heating ferrous sulphate results in the emission of _____ gases.

    <p>sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following products with their corresponding reactions:

    <p>Fe2O3 = Decomposition of ferrous sulphate CaO = Decomposition of calcium carbonate NO2 = Heating of lead nitrate SO2 = Decomposition of ferrous sulphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which solid is produced from the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate?

    <p>Calcium oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The emission of brown fumes occurs when heating lead nitrate.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is calcium oxide commonly known as?

    <p>Quick lime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of energy causes the decomposition of AgCl and AgBr in sunlight?

    <p>Light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The decomposition reactions described are endothermic reactions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Write the reaction of barium hydroxide with ammonium chloride.

    <p>Ba(OH)2 + 2NH4Cl → BaCl2 + 2NH3 + 2H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The gas produced in the reaction of silver bromide is ______.

    <p>Br2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the activity with copper sulfate solution, what happens to the iron nails?

    <p>They turn green.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The gas produced during the decomposition of silver chloride is Cl2.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the substance 'X' used for white washing.

    <p>Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following substances with their corresponding products:

    <p>AgCl = Cl2 AgBr = Br2 Ba(OH)2 + NH4Cl = BaCl2 + NH3 + H2O Ca(OH)2 = Water and Slaked Lime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction is characterized by the release of heat?

    <p>Exothermic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Respiration is an endothermic process.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is released during an exothermic reaction?

    <p>Heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reaction of glucose with oxygen produces carbon dioxide, water, and __________.

    <p>energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the chemical reaction with its description:

    <p>CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) = Burning of natural gas C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(aq) → 6CO2(aq) + 6H2O(l) + energy = Respiration Decomposition of vegetable matter = Composting Heating ferrous sulphate = Change in color and odor observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of an exothermic reaction?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to ferrous sulphate crystals when heated?

    <p>They change color.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exothermic reactions can occur without a change in substance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a decomposition reaction?

    <p>Zinc carbonate → Zinc oxide + Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Respiration is considered an endothermic reaction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define a precipitation reaction and provide an example.

    <p>A precipitation reaction occurs when two aqueous solutions react to form an insoluble solid. An example is potassium iodide solution reacting with barium nitrate solution to form barium iodide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the reaction of magnesium with hydrochloric acid, the products formed are magnesium ________ and ________.

    <p>chloride, hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Oxidation = Loss of electrons or gain of oxygen Reduction = Gain of electrons or loss of oxygen Combination Reaction = Two or more substances combine to form one compound Displacement Reaction = One element replaces another in a compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the reaction between copper metal and silver nitrate?

    <p>Silver is displaced from the solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Endothermic reactions absorb energy from their surroundings.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one reason why iron articles are painted.

    <p>To prevent corrosion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Observations of Chemical Reactions

    • Observing temperature changes in conical flasks or test tubes can indicate a chemical reaction.
    • Key signs of a chemical reaction include:
      • Change in state (solid, liquid, gas)
      • Change in color
      • Evolution of gas (bubbling, fizzing)
      • Change in temperature

    Chemical Equations

    • Word equations provide a concise way to summarize chemical reactions.
    • Example: Magnesium + Oxygen → Magnesium oxide shows reactants and products clearly.
    • Reactants are placed on the left side with a plus sign (+), while products are on the right with an arrow indicating the reaction direction.

    Types of Reactions

    • Exothermic Reactions: Release heat during product formation.

      • Example: Burning of natural gas (CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O).
      • Respiration is also exothermic, where glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is broken down into carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
      • Decomposition of vegetable matter into compost is an exothermic process.

    • Decomposition Reactions: Involve a single reactant breaking down into simpler products.

      • Example: Heating ferrous sulfate (2FeSO₄) produces ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and sulfur trioxide (SO₃).
      • Thermal decomposition occurs when heat is applied, like calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) breaking down into calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) upon heating.

    • Endothermic Reactions: Absorb energy, usually in the form of heat, light, or electricity.

      • Example: Barium hydroxide and ammonium chloride reaction absorbs heat, making the mixture feel cold.

    Displacement Reactions

    • Involve one element or ion displacing another in a compound.
    • Example: Iron nails immersed in copper sulfate solution exhibit displacement reaction where copper is deposited on the iron nails.

    Key Concepts in Reactions

    • Precipitation Reaction: Formation of an insoluble substance (precipitate) when mixing certain solutions.
    • Oxidation and Reduction: Defined in terms of gain or loss of oxygen.
      • Oxidation: Gain of oxygen (e.g. Fe to Fe₂O₃).
      • Reduction: Loss of oxygen (e.g. CuO to Cu).

    Practical Applications

    • Painting iron to prevent corrosion by creating a protective barrier.
    • Flushing oil and fat-containing food items with nitrogen to prevent rancidity, prolonging shelf life.

    Experimental Activity

    • Analyze temperature changes when reacting substances like potassium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, anhydrous copper sulfate, and iron fillings in separate beakers to identify which reactions are exothermic or endothermic.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental aspects of chemical reactions, including the observations that indicate a reaction, the structure of chemical equations, and the various types of reactions such as exothermic processes. Learn about temperature changes, state changes, and how to represent reactants and products effectively.

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