39 Questions
What is the term for the tendency of water molecules to stick together?
Cohesion
Why can a glass be filled to the brim without water overflowing?
Because of cohesion properties
Which category of substances dissolve in water and are considered water-fearing?
Hydrophobic substances
What property of water explains why coastal climates tend to be mild?
Resistance to temperature changes
What happens to the distance between water molecules when water freezes?
Distance increases due to stable hydrogen bonds
Which factor contributes to the ability of water to resist temperature changes?
High heat capacity
What is the term for the ability of water to form hydrogen bonds with substances other than water?
Adhesion
What does electronegativity measure?
The atom's ability to attract electrons
Which element has high electronegativity compared to Sodium?
Oxygen
What type of bond is created when one atom transfers electrons to another?
Ionic bond
In which type of bond do atoms share electrons?
Covalent bond
What is the main attractive force that holds atoms together in a compound?
Chemical bond
Which type of chemical bond involves partial charges on adjacent polar molecules?
Hydrogen bond
Elements with high electronegativity tend to:
Strip electrons away from those with lower values
What is the term for an atom's outermost occupied shell?
'Valence' shell
What is the defining characteristic of an acidic solution?
pH lower than 7
Which type of organic molecules consist of a carbon backbone and a Functional Group?
Proteins
What do plants and autotrophs do with regard to organic molecules?
Produce their own organic molecules
Which type of organic molecules are predominantly composed of Carbon and Hydrogen?
Hydrocarbons
What determines the physical, chemical, and solubility properties of a specific organic compound?
Functional Group
Which type of solution has a pH greater than 7?
Alkaline
What are the four most abundant types of organic molecules in organisms?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
Where do heterotrophs like humans obtain their organic building blocks?
From food
What happens in a chemical reaction?
Two or more molecules combine to form entirely new molecules
What can happen if there is too much or too little H+ ions inside a cell?
The shape of critical molecules is ruined, rendering them nonfunctional
What happens when a water molecule spontaneously breaks into two pieces?
It yields H+ ion and OH- ion
How does an acid affect the concentration of ions in a solution?
Increases the concentration of H+ ions
What does a pH scale measure?
Concentration of H+ ions in a solution
What pH value represents a neutral solution?
7
What role do Hydrogen ions play in affecting cellular functions?
Disturb the chemical balance within cells
Why is it important for cells to have an optimum pH?
To maintain the proper shape and function of cellular molecules
What type of organic compounds consist largely of the four main types of organic compounds: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids?
All organisms
What is the chemical reaction called when monomers are linked into polymers by removing an -OH group from one molecule and a hydrogen atom from another to form water?
Dehydration synthesis
Which type of carbohydrates usually contain five or six carbon atoms and have a ratio of C:H:O = 1:2:1?
Simple Carbohydrates (sugars)
What property do proteins, nucleic acids, and some carbohydrates share in common?
They are polymers
What type of chemical reaction breaks the covalent bonds linking monomers in a polymer by using atoms from water?
Hydrolysis
Which term refers to the small groups of atoms that participate in the reactions creating life's large organic molecules?
Functional groups
In carbohydrates, what type of molecules consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen often in a proportion 1:2:1?
Carbohydrates
What are the two main groups of carbohydrates based on their complexity?
Simple Carbohydrates (sugars) and Polysaccharides
Test your knowledge on chemical reactions involving water, including the swapping of atoms between molecules and the importance of pH levels in cells. Explore the properties of water, such as hydrogen bonding and the role of H+ ions. Watch the attached video to enhance your understanding.
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