Chemical Reactions in Biological Systems
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of enzymes in biological systems?

  • Speed up chemical reactions by raising the temperature
  • Slow down chemical reactions by forming higher energy transition states
  • Act as catalysts to accelerate reactions without changing temperature (correct)
  • Prevent chemical reactions from happening in cells

    • What is the main purpose of a biological catalyst like an enzyme?

  • Decrease the rate of reactions in cells
  • Prevent the formation of products in reactions
  • Increase the energy of transition states in reactions
  • Accelerate chemical reactions in cells (correct)

    • How do enzymes accelerate reactions compared to uncatalyzed reactions?

  • By slowing down the reaction rate
  • By forming higher energy transition states
  • By decreasing the activation energy required (correct)
  • By increasing the amount of reactants needed

    • Why are enzyme-catalyzed reactions highly specific?

    <p>Due to the involvement of noncovalent interactions with substrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way in which enzymes interact with substrate molecules?

    <p>By involving hydrogen bonding, ionic attractions, or dipole-dipole attractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't biological systems rely solely on raising temperatures to accelerate reactions?

    <p>Because high temperatures disrupt cellular structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the active site of an enzyme?

    <p>It is a specific region of the enzyme where the substrate binds and undergoes catalysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model best explains the specificity and rate enhancement of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

    <p>The induced-fit model proposed by Daniel E. Koshland Jr.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do enzymes achieve their specificity for particular substrates?

    <p>By having an active site that can only bind substrates with the correct functional groups and configurations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the enzyme in lowering the activation energy of a reaction?

    <p>The enzyme distorts the substrate to a structure closer to the transition state, lowering the activation energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about ribozymes?

    <p>Ribozymes are enzymes made of RNA that exhibit the same features as protein enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the induced-fit model in explaining the rate enhancement of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

    <p>It suggests that enzymes undergo conformational changes to better accommodate the transition state, lowering the activation energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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