Chemical Reactions in Biological Systems

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What is the role of enzymes in biological systems?

Speed up chemical reactions by raising the temperature

Slow down chemical reactions by forming higher energy transition states

Act as catalysts to accelerate reactions without changing temperature (correct)

Prevent chemical reactions from happening in cells

What is the main purpose of a biological catalyst like an enzyme?

Decrease the rate of reactions in cells

Prevent the formation of products in reactions

Increase the energy of transition states in reactions

Accelerate chemical reactions in cells (correct)

How do enzymes accelerate reactions compared to uncatalyzed reactions?

By slowing down the reaction rate

By forming higher energy transition states

By decreasing the activation energy required (correct)

By increasing the amount of reactants needed

Why are enzyme-catalyzed reactions highly specific?

Due to the involvement of noncovalent interactions with substrates Signup and view all the answers

What is one way in which enzymes interact with substrate molecules?

By involving hydrogen bonding, ionic attractions, or dipole-dipole attractions Signup and view all the answers

Why can't biological systems rely solely on raising temperatures to accelerate reactions?

Because high temperatures disrupt cellular structures Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the active site of an enzyme?

It is a specific region of the enzyme where the substrate binds and undergoes catalysis. Signup and view all the answers

Which model best explains the specificity and rate enhancement of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

The induced-fit model proposed by Daniel E. Koshland Jr. Signup and view all the answers

How do enzymes achieve their specificity for particular substrates?

By having an active site that can only bind substrates with the correct functional groups and configurations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the enzyme in lowering the activation energy of a reaction?

The enzyme distorts the substrate to a structure closer to the transition state, lowering the activation energy. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about ribozymes?

Ribozymes are enzymes made of RNA that exhibit the same features as protein enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the induced-fit model in explaining the rate enhancement of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

It suggests that enzymes undergo conformational changes to better accommodate the transition state, lowering the activation energy. Signup and view all the answers

Chemical Reactions in Biological Systems

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of enzymes in biological systems?

What is the main purpose of a biological catalyst like an enzyme?

How do enzymes accelerate reactions compared to uncatalyzed reactions?

Why are enzyme-catalyzed reactions highly specific?

What is one way in which enzymes interact with substrate molecules?

Why can't biological systems rely solely on raising temperatures to accelerate reactions?

Which statement best describes the active site of an enzyme?

Which model best explains the specificity and rate enhancement of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

How do enzymes achieve their specificity for particular substrates?

What is the role of the enzyme in lowering the activation energy of a reaction?

Which of the following statements is true about ribozymes?

What is the significance of the induced-fit model in explaining the rate enhancement of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

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