Questions and Answers
What is the term for the substances that undergo a chemical change in a reaction?
What type of reaction involves the combination of two or more reactants to form a single product?
What is the purpose of adding coefficients to a chemical equation?
What is the term for the study of the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction?
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What is the purpose of balancing a chemical equation?
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What is the ratio of moles of one substance to moles of another substance in a reaction?
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Which type of reaction involves the exchange of partners between two compounds, resulting in two new compounds?
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What is represented by the numbers in front of formulas in a balanced equation?
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Study Notes
Chemical Reactions
- A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances are converted into new substances
- Reactants: substances that undergo a chemical change
- Products: substances formed as a result of a chemical change
Types of Chemical Reactions
- Synthesis reaction: two or more reactants combine to form a single product
- Example: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
- Decomposition reaction: a single reactant breaks down into two or more products
- Example: 2H2O → 2H2 + O2
- Single displacement reaction: one element displaces another element from a compound
- Example: Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu
- Double displacement reaction: two compounds exchange partners, resulting in two new compounds
- Example: NaCl + AgNO3 → NaNO3 + AgCl
Chemical Equations
- A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction
- Equations must be balanced, meaning the number of atoms of each element is the same on both the reactant and product sides
Balancing Chemical Equations
- Steps to balance an equation:
- Write the unbalanced equation
- Count the atoms of each element on both sides
- Add coefficients (numbers in front of formulas) to balance the equation
- Check the equation to ensure it is balanced
Examples of Balanced Equations
- 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
- Ca + O2 → 2CaO
- NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
Stoichiometry
- Stoichiometry is the study of the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction
- Mole ratios: the ratio of moles of one substance to moles of another substance in a reaction
- Stoichiometric coefficients: the numbers in front of formulas in a balanced equation, which represent the mole ratios
Chemical Reactions
- Chemical reactions involve the conversion of one or more substances into new substances
- Reactants undergo a chemical change, resulting in products
Types of Chemical Reactions
- Synthesis reactions: two or more reactants combine to form a single product
- Decomposition reactions: a single reactant breaks down into two or more products
- Single displacement reactions: one element displaces another element from a compound
- Double displacement reactions: two compounds exchange partners, resulting in two new compounds
Chemical Equations
- Chemical equations represent chemical reactions symbolically
- Equations must be balanced to ensure the number of atoms of each element is the same on both reactant and product sides
Balancing Chemical Equations
- Steps to balance an equation:
- Write the unbalanced equation
- Count the atoms of each element on both sides
- Add coefficients to balance the equation
- Check the equation to ensure it is balanced
Characteristics of Balanced Equations
- The number of atoms of each element is the same on both reactant and product sides
- Coefficients are used to balance the equation
Stoichiometry
- Stoichiometry studies the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction
- Mole ratios: the ratio of moles of one substance to moles of another substance in a reaction
- Stoichiometric coefficients: the numbers in front of formulas in a balanced equation, representing mole ratios
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Description
Learn about chemical reactions, including reactants, products, and different types of reactions such as synthesis and decomposition. Examples of chemical equations and reactions are provided.
