Chemical Reactions and pH Concepts

<p>Neutralization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The solution is basic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C + O₂ → CO₂ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pink (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of neutrons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unequal sharing of electrons due to electronegativity difference. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An anion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atomic number is equal to the number of protons, and mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Covalent bonds involve sharing of electrons, while ionic bonds involve transfer of electrons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen (O2) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A compound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homogeneous mixtures have components that are indistinguishable, while heterogeneous mixtures have distinguishable components. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evaporation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filtration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$Na$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduction of cations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is more reactive than hydrogen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$CuSO_4$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gain of electrons only. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The least reactive metals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluorine ($F_2$). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The separation into positively and negatively charged ions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A corresponding negatively charged anion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydroxides dissociate into metal cations and hydroxide anions (OH-). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metal cations derived from the base and anions derived from the acid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A specific subset of ternary compounds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A high electronegativity, paired with a large number of valence electrons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In compounds, due to their high reactivity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bromine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Industrial cleaning processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is highly corrosive to glass. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To strengthen teeth enamel and prevent decay. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A chemical reaction where multiple reactants combine to form a more complex product.

A chemical reaction where a single reactant breaks down into multiple products.

A chemical reaction where an element replaces another element in a compound to form a new element and a new compound.

A chemical reaction where the positive and negative ions of two ionic compounds exchange to form two new compounds.

Substances present before a chemical reaction takes place.

Substances formed after a chemical reaction takes place.

A special type of double replacement reaction that occurs between an acid and a base, producing water and a salt.

A measure of acidity or basicity of a solution.

The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element. It is composed of a nucleus (containing protons and neutrons) and an electron shell.

A group of two or more atoms that are bonded together. They can be made up of the same element or different elements.

The positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom. Their number determines the atomic number of the element.

The negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom in specific shells or energy levels. They participate in chemical bonding.

The central core of an atom, containing protons and neutrons. It is responsible for the atom's mass and identity.

A substance that contains only one type of particle, such as atoms or molecules.

A type of pure substance made up of the same type of atom. Their identity is determined by their proton number.

A type of pure substance formed by two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

A mixture where the components are evenly distributed and cannot be easily distinguished by the naked eye.

A mixture where the components are not evenly distributed and can be easily distinguished by the naked eye.

A chemical reaction where an atom loses electrons, increasing its oxidation number.

A chemical reaction where an atom gains electrons, decreasing its oxidation number.

Chemical reactions involving both oxidation and reduction processes, where the total number of electrons lost equals the total number gained.

Substances that cause other substances to be reduced, while themselves being oxidized.

Substances that cause other substances to be oxidized, while themselves being reduced.

A series ranking metals from most reactive to least reactive. Less reactive metals can displace more reactive metals in a solution.

A chemical reaction where a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution, or where a metal displaces hydrogen from an acid.

A process used to obtain pure metals, where electrical current is passed through a solution, causing reduction at the cathode and oxidation at the anode.

The process where an ionic compound breaks apart into its individual ions (cations and anions) when dissolved in water.

Acids are compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. This results in the formation of hydronium ions (H3O+) through a reaction with water molecules.

Hydroxides are compounds containing the hydroxide ion (OH-). They break apart into metal cations and hydroxide anions when in water.

Salts are ionic compounds formed by the reaction of an acid and a base. They dissociate into metal cations and anions from the acid when in water.

These compounds consist of two elements. Examples include chlorides (NaCl), sulfides (Na2S), and oxides (CO2).

These compounds contain three or more elements. Examples include hydroxides (NaOH), oxoacids (H2SO4), and oxoacid salts (Na2SO4).

These are compounds made up of many elements, such as hydrosalts which are salts containing hydrogen, a metal, and a non-metal.

Halogens are highly reactive non-metals with seven valence electrons. They tend to gain one electron to form anions and are commonly found in diatomic molecules (e.g., Cl2, Br2, I2). Fluorine is an example.

A yellow-green gas commonly used for disinfecting water, bleaching paper, and manufacturing plastics.

A reddish-brown liquid used in some medicines and industrial processes.

A dark gray solid essential for thyroid hormone production and used as a disinfectant.

A group of compounds formed by the reaction of halogens with hydrogen. They are corrosive and acidic, with hydrochloric acid (HCl) being a common example used for cleaning and industrial purposes.