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Questions and Answers
If you react 4 units of A with 10 units of B in the generic chemical equation 2A + 5B → C + 3D, what is true about the amounts of A and B?
If you react 4 units of A with 10 units of B in the generic chemical equation 2A + 5B → C + 3D, what is true about the amounts of A and B?
How does a catalyst increase the rate of a reaction?
How does a catalyst increase the rate of a reaction?
What determines the number of protons in an element?
What determines the number of protons in an element?
What is the cause of ion-dipole interaction?
What is the cause of ion-dipole interaction?
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What does the Big Bang Theory suggest about the origin of the universe?
What does the Big Bang Theory suggest about the origin of the universe?
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What is the purpose of a bulking agent in a product?
What is the purpose of a bulking agent in a product?
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What is the result of the process through which sunlight is converted into photovoltaic energy?
What is the result of the process through which sunlight is converted into photovoltaic energy?
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What is the ability of an atom to attract electrons?
What is the ability of an atom to attract electrons?
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What is necessary for successful collisions to occur?
What is necessary for successful collisions to occur?
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What is the electronegativity difference between Hydrogen and Chlorine in Hydrochloric acid?
What is the electronegativity difference between Hydrogen and Chlorine in Hydrochloric acid?
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What type of bond is formed between the two elements in Hydrochloric acid?
What type of bond is formed between the two elements in Hydrochloric acid?
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What happens when the nonpolar end of a detergent molecule attracts the nonpolar oil molecules, while its polar end is attracted by the polar molecules of water?
What happens when the nonpolar end of a detergent molecule attracts the nonpolar oil molecules, while its polar end is attracted by the polar molecules of water?
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Study Notes
Chemical Reactions
- A catalyst increases the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy.
- A limiting reactant determines how much product can be made.
- Collision theory states that effective collisions lead to chemical reactions.
- Increasing the temperature of the reactants increases the reaction rate.
- Favorable collision geometry and sufficient kinetic energy are necessary for successful collisions to occur.
Atomic Structure
- An element's atomic number determines the number of protons.
- An element's atomic weight determines the number of protons and neutrons.
Bonding
- Electronegativity is the relative ability of a bonded atom to attract shared electron pairs.
- A polar covalent bond is formed when there is an electronegativity difference between atoms, such as in hydrochloric acid (0.9).
- Ionic bonds are formed when there is a large electronegativity difference, such as in sodium chloride (2.1).
Intermolecular Forces
- Cohesive forces bring about capillary action between different molecules.
- Ion-dipole interaction occurs between an ion and a polar molecule.
- Attraction between molecules with similar polarities leads to dissolution.
Chemical Applications
- Surfactants, plasticizers, lather enhancers, fillers, and binders are ingredients in a cleaning agent.
- Lipase enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol.
- Optical brighteners absorb ultraviolet rays and transmit them as blue light.
Energy and Physics
- The Big Bang Theory suggests that the universe began from a singularity and its expansion.
- In a hydroelectric power plant, electrical power can be generated by converting potential energy into kinetic energy.
Biochemistry
- Lipids are hydrophobic and do not mix with water, differing from other macromolecules.
- Proteins are used in living systems for chemical reactions, muscle movement, and structure formation.
- Organisms continuously create and break down proteins for various uses.
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Description
Test your knowledge on chemical reactions, catalysts, limiting reactants, and compound formation. Understand how reactants are consumed, and the role of catalysts in increasing reaction rates.
