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Questions and Answers
Increasing ______ of reactants leads to an increase in the reaction rate.
Increasing ______ of reactants leads to an increase in the reaction rate.
concentration
Physical and chemical changes require the transfer of ______ energy.
Physical and chemical changes require the transfer of ______ energy.
kinetic
Greater surface area allows particles to collide with many more particles per unit of ______.
Greater surface area allows particles to collide with many more particles per unit of ______.
time
Increasing ______ generally increases the reaction rate.
Increasing ______ generally increases the reaction rate.
The ______ series provides insight into how readily different metals and non-metals react.
The ______ series provides insight into how readily different metals and non-metals react.
For every 10K increase in temperature, the reaction rate is ______.
For every 10K increase in temperature, the reaction rate is ______.
According to the collision theory, when concentrations are increased, collisions occur more ______.
According to the collision theory, when concentrations are increased, collisions occur more ______.
The Maxwell-Boltzmann energy distribution curve illustrates that most particles have ______ energies.
The Maxwell-Boltzmann energy distribution curve illustrates that most particles have ______ energies.
Flashcards
Reaction Rate
Reaction Rate
The speed at which reactants are converted into products. It reflects how quickly a chemical change occurs.
Reactivity
Reactivity
The tendency of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction. Some substances react faster than others.
Concentration
Concentration
The amount of a substance present in a given volume. Increasing concentration generally increases reaction rate.
Surface Area
Surface Area
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Temperature
Temperature
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Collision Theory
Collision Theory
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Activation Energy
Activation Energy
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Maxwell-Boltzmann Energy Distribution Curve
Maxwell-Boltzmann Energy Distribution Curve
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Study Notes
Factors Affecting Chemical Reaction Rates
- Chemical reactions have different rates, influenced by various factors.
- Increasing reactant concentration increases reaction rate.
- More reactant particles mean more frequent collisions, leading to a faster reaction.
- Collision theory explains this.
- Increasing surface area of a reactant speeds up the reaction.
Surface Area and Reaction Rates
- For the same mass, more small particles have a larger surface area.
- This increases the number of particles available for collisions per unit of time, therefore, increasing the reaction rate.
Temperature and Reaction Rates
- Increasing temperature generally increases reaction rate.
- Collision theory: Higher temperatures give particles more kinetic energy, leading to more frequent and energetic collisions, thus a faster reaction.
- For every 10 K increase in temperature, reaction rate approximately doubles.
Catalysts and Inhibitors
- A catalyst increases a reaction rate without being consumed in the reaction.
- A catalyst lowers the activation energy, enabling more collisions to breach the energy barrier and speed up the reaction.
- An inhibitor slows or stops a reaction.
- Preservatives are an example of inhibitors.
Maxwell-Boltzmann Energy Distribution Curve
- Particle energy distribution is not uniform.
- Some particles have low energy, while a few have high energy.
- Most particles have intermediate energy levels.
- The average energy is not the same as the most probable energy.
Reactivity Series for Metals and Nonmetals
- Some substances react more readily than others.
- Reactivity series lists metals (and some nonmetals) in order of decreasing reactivity.
- Substances higher on the list are more reactive than those lower on the list.
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