Chemical Properties of Alcohol: Lucas Test

Alcohols are organic compounds where a hydroxyl group replaces the ______ atom of an aliphatic carbon.

An alcohol molecule consists of two parts: the alkyl group and the ______ group.

Like water, alcohols are polar containing an unsymmetrical distribution of charge between the oxygen and ______ atoms.

Types of Alcohol: Monohydric alcohols contain ______ -OH group.

Based on the number of carbon atoms attached to the carbon bonded to the -OH group, alcohols are classified into three types: Primary alcohol has ______ carbon atom attached.

Glycerol is an example of a ______ alcohol.

The presence of hydroxyl group is the main factor in determining the ______ of alcohol.

Alcohols are more water-soluble than simple hydrocarbons due to the presence of the polar ______.

Alcohols are able to form hydrogen bonds, resulting in higher ______ points compared to hydrocarbons.

The boiling point of alcohols decreases with an increase in ______ in aliphatic carbon chains.

Alcohols dissolve in water due to the presence of ______ bonds.

Alcohols have many uses in our everyday world. They are found in beverages, antifreeze, antiseptics, and ______.

Ethanol is most prominent in nature as it is the product of ______.

Chemical Properties of Alcohol: Lucas test is used to distinguish between alcohols according to the rate of reaction. Tertiary alcohol reacts directly with Lucas reagent. The reactivity order is 30 > 20 > 10 > ______.

Oxidation by cold KMnO4: Primary alcohol oxidizes to form ______.

Formation of Halides: Halogens such as chlorine or bromine replace the -OH group in an alcohol. ROH + HCl → R-Cl + ______

Reaction with HNO3: The reaction of some alcohols with nitric acid, HNO3, gives ______ esters.

Dehydration of Alcohol: The dehydration reaction of alcohols to generate alkene proceeds by heating the alcohols in the presence of a strong acid, such as sulfuric or phosphoric acid, at high ______.