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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the rate of reaction at a specific point in time?
What is the term for the rate of reaction at a specific point in time?
Which of the following types of catalysts speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction?
Which of the following types of catalysts speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction?
What is the term for a reaction that can proceed in both the forward and reverse directions?
What is the term for a reaction that can proceed in both the forward and reverse directions?
What is the expression that describes the equilibrium state of a reaction?
What is the expression that describes the equilibrium state of a reaction?
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What is the term for the state in which the rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal?
What is the term for the state in which the rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal?
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Which of the following factors does NOT affect the rate of a reaction?
Which of the following factors does NOT affect the rate of a reaction?
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What is the purpose of a catalyst in a reaction?
What is the purpose of a catalyst in a reaction?
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What happens to the equilibrium constant when the temperature of a reaction is increased?
What happens to the equilibrium constant when the temperature of a reaction is increased?
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Which principle states that a system in equilibrium will oppose any changes to the equilibrium conditions?
Which principle states that a system in equilibrium will oppose any changes to the equilibrium conditions?
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What is the term for the state in which the rate of forward reaction equals the rate of reverse reaction?
What is the term for the state in which the rate of forward reaction equals the rate of reverse reaction?
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Study Notes
Chemical Kinetics: Rate of Reaction
- Rate of Reaction: the change in concentration of reactants or products per unit time
- Instantaneous Rate of Reaction: the rate of reaction at a specific point in time, often measured using the slope of a tangent to the concentration-time curve
Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction
- Concentration: increasing the concentration of reactants increases the rate of reaction
- Temperature: increasing the temperature increases the rate of reaction, as it provides more energy for reactant molecules to collide and react
- Surface Area: increasing the surface area of reactants increases the rate of reaction, as more molecules are exposed to collide and react
- Catalysts: substances that speed up the rate of reaction without being consumed, often by lowering the activation energy
Types of Catalysts
- Homogeneous Catalysts: catalysts that are in the same phase as the reactants, e.g. nitric oxide (NO) in the ozone depletion reaction
- Heterogeneous Catalysts: catalysts that are in a different phase from the reactants, e.g. platinum in catalytic converters
Ways of Increasing Reaction Rates
- Increasing Concentration: increasing the concentration of reactants increases the rate of reaction
- Increasing Temperature: increasing the temperature increases the rate of reaction
- Increasing Surface Area: increasing the surface area of reactants increases the rate of reaction
- Adding a Catalyst: adding a catalyst can speed up the rate of reaction
Theories of Reaction Rates
- Collision Theory: the rate of reaction is proportional to the frequency of successful collisions between reactant molecules
- Transition State Theory: the rate of reaction is proportional to the concentration of activated complexes (transition states)
Reversible and Irreversible Reactions
- Reversible Reactions: reactions that can proceed in both the forward and reverse directions, often denoted by ⇌
- Irreversible Reactions: reactions that only proceed in the forward direction, often denoted by →
Attainment of Chemical Equilibrium
- Chemical Equilibrium: a state in which the rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products
- Equilibrium Expression: an expression that describes the equilibrium constant (K) in terms of the concentrations of reactants and products
- Equilibrium Constant (K): a constant that describes the ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants at equilibrium
Characteristics of Chemical Equilibrium
- Dynamic Equilibrium: a state in which the rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products
- Equilibrium Constant (K): a constant that describes the ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants at equilibrium
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Description
Test your understanding of chemical kinetics, including the rate of reaction, factors affecting reaction rates, types of catalysts, and chemical equilibrium. Covers collision theory, transition state theory, and characteristics of chemical equilibrium.
