Chemical Kinetics
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Questions and Answers

What is the condition for considering an intermediate compound as a stationary state?

  • When k1 >> k2
  • When k2 = 0
  • When k2 >> k1 (correct)
  • When k1 = k2

Which type of reaction involves the absorption of light energy to initiate the reaction?

  • Photophysical process
  • Parallel reaction
  • Photochemical reaction (correct)
  • Thermodynamically favored reaction

What is the characteristic of a parallel reaction?

  • Multiple reactions occur simultaneously (correct)
  • The reaction is thermodynamically favored
  • The reaction occurs in the dark
  • Only one reactant is involved

What is the energy associated with each photon in a photochemical reaction?

<p>hv (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process in which a molecule absorbs light energy and transitions to a higher energy level?

<p>Photophysical process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the dependence of photochemical reaction rates on the intensity of radiation?

<p>The rate of absorption of photons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the photochemical combination of H and Cl, what is the role of the excited chlorine molecule (Cl2*)?

<p>It decomposes to form chlorine free radicals (Cl) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do different photochemical reactions have different rates?

<p>Because they have different activation energies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of temperature on the rate of light-initiated reactions?

<p>It has no effect on the rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hv in the photochemical combination of H and Cl?

<p>It is the light absorption step that forms the excited chlorine molecule (Cl2*) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the negative free energy change in a thermochemical reaction?

<p>It implies that the reaction is spontaneous and can occur without any external energy input. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step is highly endothermic and limits the feasibility of the subsequent step in the reaction mechanism?

<p>Step (III) in the reaction mechanism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the lower values of HBr formation per photon of light absorbed in the given reaction mechanism?

<p>The high recombination rate of bromine free radicals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the quantum yield in a photochemical reaction?

<p>It measures the efficiency of the reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following applications is not a direct result of photochemical reactions?

<p>Electroplating in industries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition for equation (3) to be valid?

<p>k1 &lt;&lt; k2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In parallel reactions, what is the characteristic of the reactants?

<p>They have different orders of reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy required for a reactant molecule to cross the energy barrier in a photochemical reaction?

<p>Activation energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process in which a molecule absorbs light energy and transitions to a higher energy level, and then loses its energy through a chemical reaction?

<p>Photophysical process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of photochemical reactions that distinguishes them from thermal reactions?

<p>They do not occur in dark (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the decrease in HBr formation per photon of light absorbed in the given reaction mechanism?

<p>Most of the bromine free radicals recombine to give Br2 molecule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step is responsible for the regeneration of free radicals in the given reaction mechanism?

<p>Chain termination step (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the delta G value in photochemical reactions?

<p>It may be positive or negative (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of light energy in photochemical reactions?

<p>It is converted into free energy of the products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the application of photochemistry in the electronic industry?

<p>Photoetching (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the dependence of photochemical reaction rates on the intensity of radiation?

<p>The amount of energy absorbed by the reactant molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the excited molecule (Cl2*) in the photochemical combination of H and Cl?

<p>It is a highly reactive species (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do some photochemical reactions have a higher yield of products than others?

<p>Because of the chain reaction mechanism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the wavelength of photon in a photochemical reaction?

<p>It determines the amount of energy absorbed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of light in a photochemical reaction?

<p>To initiate the reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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