19 Questions
Which process involves the synthesis of simple substances into complex substances?
Anabolism
What type of reactions usually involve carbon reduction and consume cellular energy?
Anabolic reactions
Which process involves the breakdown of complex substances into simpler substances?
Catabolism
What type of reactions usually involve carbon oxidation and produce energy for the cell?
Catabolic reactions
What is chemical equilibrium?
A state in which the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal and the concentrations of the reactants and products remain constant.
What is the color change observed when N2O4 reaches equilibrium?
From colorless to dark brown
What principle describes the response of a system at equilibrium to an external stress?
Le Chatelier’s Principle
When does a chemical reaction reach equilibrium?
When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal and the concentrations of the reactants and products remain constant.
What does the equilibrium constant (Keq) represent?
The unchanging concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium
What does ΔG at equilibrium being zero indicate?
No net flow in either the forward or reverse direction
What does Le Châtelier’s Principle state?
If an external stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system adjusts to partially offset the stress as it reaches a new equilibrium position
What effect does adding a catalyst have on an equilibrium system?
It does not change the equilibrium constant (Keq) or shift the position of the equilibrium system, but it speeds up the reaction
What factors can shift the equilibrium position according to Le Châtelier’s Principle?
Changes in concentration, pressure, volume, and temperature
What does a catalyst do to the rate of a reaction?
Promotes or increases the rate of a reaction without undergoing any permanent chemical change
What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts
How is metabolism classified?
Into catabolism and anabolism
What influences the rate of a chemical reaction?
Concentration of reacting species, reaction temperature, presence of catalysts, and the nature of the reactants
What do enzymes permit in living organisms?
Reactions to occur at conditions tolerable to the body
How are enzymes classified?
Based on the type of reaction they catalyze
Study Notes
Chemical Equilibrium and Rates of Reactions
- At equilibrium, the rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal, and the concentrations of reactants and products are constant.
- The equilibrium constant (Keq) represents the unchanging concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium, and it is calculated using the molar concentrations of all species in the reaction.
- ΔG at equilibrium is zero, indicating no net flow in either the forward or reverse direction, and neither process is favored.
- Le Châtelier’s Principle states that if an external stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system adjusts to partially offset the stress as it reaches a new equilibrium position.
- Changes in concentration, pressure, volume, and temperature can shift the equilibrium position according to Le Châtelier’s Principle.
- Adding a catalyst does not change the equilibrium constant (Keq) or shift the position of an equilibrium system, but it speeds up the reaction.
- The rate of a chemical reaction depends on the concentration of reacting species, reaction temperature, presence of catalysts, and the nature of the reactants.
- A catalyst promotes or increases the rate of a reaction without undergoing any permanent chemical change.
- Enzymes, which are biological catalysts, permit reactions to occur at conditions tolerable to the body and are very specific in their action, processing millions of molecules every second.
- Enzymes are classified based on the type of reaction they catalyze, such as oxidoreductase, transferase, hydrolase, lyase, isomerase, and ligase.
- Metabolism, the sum of all chemical reactions in a living organism, can be subdivided into two categories: catabolism (breaking down of complex molecules) and anabolism (building of complex molecules).
- The rate of a reaction is influenced by the concentration of reacting species, reaction temperature, presence of catalysts, and the nature of the reactants.
Test your knowledge of chemical equilibrium, rates of reactions, and catalysts with this quiz. Explore concepts such as equilibrium constant, Le Châtelier’s Principle, and the impact of factors like concentration, pressure, and temperature on chemical reactions. Delve into the role of catalysts and enzymes in speeding up reactions and learn about the classification of enzymes based on the type of reactions they catalyze.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
