Chemical Equilibrium Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the state in which both the reactants and products are present in concentrations that have no further tendency to change with time?

  • Reversible equilibrium
  • Stoichiometric equilibrium
  • Chemical imbalance
  • Dynamic equilibrium (correct)
  • When does the state of chemical equilibrium occur?

  • When the forward reaction proceeds at the same rate as the reverse reaction (correct)
  • When all reactants are consumed
  • When the concentration of products decreases
  • When the forward reaction is faster than the reverse reaction
  • What must be true for a reaction mixture to exist at equilibrium?

  • The forward reaction must be faster than the reverse reaction
  • The stoichiometric coefficients must be different
  • The rates of the forward and backward reactions must be equal (correct)
  • The concentration of products must be higher than the concentration of reactants
  • What does it mean when the equilibrium concentration position of a reaction is said to lie 'far to the right'?

    <p>Nearly all the reactants are consumed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed the concept of chemical equilibrium in 1803?

    <p>Berthollet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Guldberg and Waage, the law of mass action states that:

    <p>The rate constants for the forward and backward reactions are equal at equilibrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the law of mass action not valid in general?

    <p>It does not consider the stoichiometry of the reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the addition of a catalyst affect the equilibrium constant?

    <p>It has no effect on the equilibrium constant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is observed about macroscopic equilibrium concentrations over time?

    <p>They remain constant in time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of acetic acid dissolved in water and forming acetate and hydronium ions, the process can be described as:

    <p>A reversible reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chemical Equilibrium

    • Chemical equilibrium is the state in which both the reactants and products are present in concentrations that have no further tendency to change with time.

    Conditions for Equilibrium

    • The state of chemical equilibrium occurs when the rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal.
    • For a reaction mixture to exist at equilibrium, the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) must be zero.

    Equilibrium Concentration Position

    • When the equilibrium concentration position of a reaction is said to lie 'far to the right', it means that the reaction has a high yield of products.

    History of Chemical Equilibrium

    • The concept of chemical equilibrium was developed by Claude-Louis Berthollet in 1803.

    The Law of Mass Action

    • According to Guldberg and Waage, the law of mass action states that at equilibrium, the ratio of the concentrations of products to the concentrations of reactants is constant for a given temperature.
    • The law of mass action is not valid in general due to the presence of external influences such as temperature and pressure.

    Effect of Catalysts on Equilibrium

    • The addition of a catalyst does not affect the equilibrium constant, but it does increase the rate at which equilibrium is achieved.

    Macroscopic Equilibrium Concentrations

    • Over time, macroscopic equilibrium concentrations appear to be constant.

    Acid-Base Equilibrium

    • The dissociation of acetic acid in water to form acetate and hydronium ions is an example of acid-base equilibrium.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of chemical equilibrium with this quiz. Assess your understanding of the state where the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time due to equal forward and reverse reaction rates.

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