Chemical Equilibrium and Pressure

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What happens to the equilibrium constant of an exothermic reaction when the temperature increases?

It remains the same

It increases

It decreases (correct)

It becomes zero

What is the effect of changing pressure on a gaseous reaction in equilibrium?

The number of reactants and products remains the same

The equilibrium constant remains the same

The total number of gaseous reactants and products changes (correct)

The reaction becomes non-reversible

According to Le Chatelier's principle, what can be ignored in heterogeneous chemical equilibrium?

Change in pressure in liquids and solids (correct)

Change in volume of liquids and solids

Change in temperature of liquids and solids

Change in concentration of liquids and solids

What is the role of inert gases in a chemical reaction in equilibrium?

They do not react with the liquid and their concentration does not affect equilibrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of changing volume on the equilibrium of a reaction?

It changes the pressure of the reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the equilibrium constant (K) used to determine?

The chemical behavior of a reaction Signup and view all the answers

What happens when there is a change in the factors affecting the equilibrium conditions?

The system will counteract or reduce the effect of the overall transformation Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adding a reactant or product on the equilibrium?

The reaction will consume the added substance Signup and view all the answers

What type of equilibrium occurs when the reactants and products are in the same phase?

Homogeneous equilibrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing the pressure on the equilibrium?

The reaction will shift towards the side with fewer moles of gas Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical equilibrium?

It increases the reaction rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a change in temperature on the equilibrium?

The reaction will shift towards the endothermic direction Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of equilibrium in a chemical reaction?

A state of balance between opposing forces or actions that is either static or dynamic Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a reversible reaction?

The reaction can be reversed and the concentrations of the reactants and products remain the same Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a heterogeneous equilibrium reaction?

CO(g)+H2O(g)=CO2(g)+H2(g) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing pressure on a chemical equilibrium reaction?

The reaction will shift towards the side with fewer moles of gas Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of decreasing volume on a chemical equilibrium reaction?

The reaction will shift towards the side with fewer moles of gas Signup and view all the answers

Why is chemical equilibrium considered a dynamic equilibrium?

Because the concentrations of the reactants and products do not change with time Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Equilibrium

Chemical equilibrium occurs when the concentration of the reactant or product is changed, resulting in a change in the composition of the mixture.
Gas-liquid equilibrium happens when gases that do not react with liquids dissolve directly, related to the pressure in the liquid.

Factors Affecting Chemical Equilibrium

Change in pressure: affects the gaseous reaction as the total number of gaseous reactants and products are now different.
Change in temperature:
- Increases in exothermic reactions: decrease equilibrium constant
- Increases in endothermic reactions: increase equilibrium constant
Change in concentration:
- Adding reactants or products: relieves the concentration by consuming or replenishing the substance
Addition of a catalyst: does not affect the equilibrium constant

Le Chatelier's Principle

States that if there is any change in the factors affecting the equilibrium conditions, the system will counteract or reduce the effect of the overall transformation

Types of Chemical Equilibrium

Homogeneous Equilibrium:
- All reactants and products are in the same phase (e.g., all gases or all liquids)
Heterogeneous Equilibrium:
- Reactants and products are in different phases (e.g., solid, liquid, and gas)

The Concept of Equilibrium

A state of balance between opposing forces or actions that is either static or dynamic
Dynamic equilibrium: a reversible chemical reaction where the rates of reaction in both directions are equal
Equilibrium reaction: a reaction that can be reversed and forwarded, and the concentrations of reactants and products remain the same

Reversible and Irreversible Reactions

Reversible reaction:
- The number of molecules of the product is the same as the number of molecules of the reactants
- Example: N2(g)+O2(g)=2NO(g)
Irreversible reaction:
- The number of molecules of the product is not the same as the number of molecules of the reactant
- Example: 2SO2(g)+O2(g)⇌2SO3(g)

Chemical Equilibrium in Real-Life Systems

Phase equilibrium: equilibrium between solid ice and liquid water, as well as between liquid water and water vapor
Solute-solid equilibrium: equilibrium between a solute in a saturated solution and an undissolved solute

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your understanding of chemical equilibrium, including how changes in pressure and volume affect the composition of the mixture and the equilibrium constant. Learn about gas-liquid equilibrium and how it relates to the pressure in the liquid.