18 Questions
What happens to the equilibrium constant of an exothermic reaction when the temperature increases?
It decreases
What is the effect of changing pressure on a gaseous reaction in equilibrium?
The total number of gaseous reactants and products changes
According to Le Chatelier's principle, what can be ignored in heterogeneous chemical equilibrium?
Change in pressure in liquids and solids
What is the role of inert gases in a chemical reaction in equilibrium?
They do not react with the liquid and their concentration does not affect equilibrium
What is the effect of changing volume on the equilibrium of a reaction?
It changes the pressure of the reaction
What is the equilibrium constant (K) used to determine?
The chemical behavior of a reaction
What happens when there is a change in the factors affecting the equilibrium conditions?
The system will counteract or reduce the effect of the overall transformation
What is the effect of adding a reactant or product on the equilibrium?
The reaction will consume the added substance
What type of equilibrium occurs when the reactants and products are in the same phase?
Homogeneous equilibrium
What is the effect of increasing the pressure on the equilibrium?
The reaction will shift towards the side with fewer moles of gas
What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical equilibrium?
It increases the reaction rate
What is the effect of a change in temperature on the equilibrium?
The reaction will shift towards the endothermic direction
What is the definition of equilibrium in a chemical reaction?
A state of balance between opposing forces or actions that is either static or dynamic
What is the characteristic of a reversible reaction?
The reaction can be reversed and the concentrations of the reactants and products remain the same
What is an example of a heterogeneous equilibrium reaction?
CO(g)+H2O(g)=CO2(g)+H2(g)
What is the effect of increasing pressure on a chemical equilibrium reaction?
The reaction will shift towards the side with fewer moles of gas
What is the effect of decreasing volume on a chemical equilibrium reaction?
The reaction will shift towards the side with fewer moles of gas
Why is chemical equilibrium considered a dynamic equilibrium?
Because the concentrations of the reactants and products do not change with time
Study Notes
Chemical Equilibrium
- Chemical equilibrium occurs when the concentration of the reactant or product is changed, resulting in a change in the composition of the mixture.
- Gas-liquid equilibrium happens when gases that do not react with liquids dissolve directly, related to the pressure in the liquid.
Factors Affecting Chemical Equilibrium
- Change in pressure: affects the gaseous reaction as the total number of gaseous reactants and products are now different.
- Change in temperature:
- Increases in exothermic reactions: decrease equilibrium constant
- Increases in endothermic reactions: increase equilibrium constant
- Change in concentration:
- Adding reactants or products: relieves the concentration by consuming or replenishing the substance
- Addition of a catalyst: does not affect the equilibrium constant
Le Chatelier's Principle
- States that if there is any change in the factors affecting the equilibrium conditions, the system will counteract or reduce the effect of the overall transformation
Types of Chemical Equilibrium
- Homogeneous Equilibrium:
- All reactants and products are in the same phase (e.g., all gases or all liquids)
- Heterogeneous Equilibrium:
- Reactants and products are in different phases (e.g., solid, liquid, and gas)
The Concept of Equilibrium
- A state of balance between opposing forces or actions that is either static or dynamic
- Dynamic equilibrium: a reversible chemical reaction where the rates of reaction in both directions are equal
- Equilibrium reaction: a reaction that can be reversed and forwarded, and the concentrations of reactants and products remain the same
Reversible and Irreversible Reactions
- Reversible reaction:
- The number of molecules of the product is the same as the number of molecules of the reactants
- Example: N2(g)+O2(g)=2NO(g)
- Irreversible reaction:
- The number of molecules of the product is not the same as the number of molecules of the reactant
- Example: 2SO2(g)+O2(g)⇌2SO3(g)
Chemical Equilibrium in Real-Life Systems
- Phase equilibrium: equilibrium between solid ice and liquid water, as well as between liquid water and water vapor
- Solute-solid equilibrium: equilibrium between a solute in a saturated solution and an undissolved solute
Test your understanding of chemical equilibrium, including how changes in pressure and volume affect the composition of the mixture and the equilibrium constant. Learn about gas-liquid equilibrium and how it relates to the pressure in the liquid.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
