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Questions and Answers
What is the separating agent used in liquid-liquid extraction?
What is the separating agent used in liquid-liquid extraction?
Which separation process is applied in the recovery of aromatics?
Which separation process is applied in the recovery of aromatics?
What is the purpose of leaching as a separation process?
What is the purpose of leaching as a separation process?
What makes liquid-liquid extraction suitable when distillation is impractical?
What makes liquid-liquid extraction suitable when distillation is impractical?
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In azeotropic distillation, what role does the liquid entrainer play?
In azeotropic distillation, what role does the liquid entrainer play?
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What distinguishes liquid-liquid extraction with two solvents from regular liquid-liquid extraction?
What distinguishes liquid-liquid extraction with two solvents from regular liquid-liquid extraction?
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Which separation process is used for the purification of styrene?
Which separation process is used for the purification of styrene?
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In which separation process is a liquid solvent used as the separating agent?
In which separation process is a liquid solvent used as the separating agent?
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Which separation process is suitable for separating carbon dioxide from combustion products?
Which separation process is suitable for separating carbon dioxide from combustion products?
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Which separation process involves contacting a liquid feed with a stripping agent?
Which separation process involves contacting a liquid feed with a stripping agent?
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Which separation process is suitable for separating acetone and methanol?
Which separation process is suitable for separating acetone and methanol?
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of using a mass separating agent (MSA) in separation processes?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using a mass separating agent (MSA) in separation processes?
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What is another name for maximum-boiling azeotropes?
What is another name for maximum-boiling azeotropes?
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What is the key requirement for the two phases to be separated in a single-stage equilibrium contact process?
What is the key requirement for the two phases to be separated in a single-stage equilibrium contact process?
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What is the primary purpose of distillation?
What is the primary purpose of distillation?
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At what point does a liquid begin to boil?
At what point does a liquid begin to boil?
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What is the relationship between the vapor and liquid phases in distillation?
What is the relationship between the vapor and liquid phases in distillation?
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Study Notes
Separation Techniques
- Separating agent: Stripping vapor (MSA)
- Example: Stream stripping of naphtha, kerosene, and gas oil side cuts from crude distillation unit to remove light ends
Azeotropic Distillation
- Formation of minimum-boiling azeotropic mixtures
- Separating agent: Liquid entrainer (MSA) and heat transfer (ESA)
- Example: Separation of acetic acid from water using n-butyl acetate as entrainer to form azeotrope with water
Liquid-Liquid Extraction
- Widely used when distillation is impractical, especially for temperature-sensitive mixtures
- Separating agent: Liquid solvent (MSA)
- Example: Recovery of Aromatics
Liquid-Liquid Extraction (Two Solvents)
- Each solvent has its own specific selectivity for dissolving the components of the feed mixture
- Separating agent: Two liquid solvents (MSA1 and MSA2)
- Example: Use of propane and cresylic acid as solvents to separate paraffins from aromatics and naphthenes
Leaching
- Referred to as solid-liquid extraction
- Widely used in metallurgical, natural product, and food industries
- Separating agent: Liquid solvent
- Example: Extraction of sucrose from sugar beets with hot water
Disadvantages of MSA
- Need for additional separator to recover the MSA for recycle
- Need for MSA makeup
- Possible contamination of the product with the MSA
- More difficult design procedures
Distillation
- Most widely utilized industrial separation technique
- Involves multiple contacts between counter currently flowing liquid and vapor phases
- Separating agent: ESA and sometimes work transfer
- Example: Purification of styrene
Extractive Distillation
- Used when volatility differences between species to be separated are small
- Separating agent: Liquid solvent (MSA) and heat transfer (ESA)
- Example: Separation of acetone and methanol
Absorption
- Used when the feed is all vapor and the stripping section of the column is not needed
- Separating agent: Liquid absorbent (MSA)
- Example: Separation of carbon dioxide from combustion products by absorption with aqueous solutions of an ethanolamine
Stripping
- A liquid mixture is separated by contacting liquid feed with a stripping agent
- Also called maximum-boiling azeotropes
- Example: Water and ethanol
Single-Stage Equilibrium Contact for Vapor-Liquid System
- Two different phases are brought into intimate contact with each other and then are separated
- The components have different volatilities so that they will partition between the two phases to different extents
- The two phases can be separated by gravity or other mechanical means
Basic Distillation Setup
- Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatility of the components in a boiling liquid mixture
- It is a unit operation, or a physical separation process, and not a chemical reaction
- A vapor contacts a liquid, and mass is transferred both from the liquid to the vapor and from the vapor to the liquid
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Description
Test your knowledge on various chemical engineering separation processes such as Azeotropic Distillation and Liquid-Liquid Extraction. Learn about separating agents like stripping vapor, liquid entrainer, and heat transfer methods.
