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Questions and Answers
What does Residence Time Distribution (RTD) describe?
What does Residence Time Distribution (RTD) describe?
- The total amount of product generated in the reactor
- The temperature distribution within the reactor
- The speed of reactants entering the reactor
- The time taken by an element or a reactant within the reactor (correct)
How is micromixing characterized?
How is micromixing characterized?
- Complete mixing of different age groups at the molecular level
- Molecules of the same age group stay together until exit (correct)
- Complete mixing of all reactants
- Maximum distribution of residence times without segregation
What does macromixing achieve?
What does macromixing achieve?
- Complete segregation of all reactants
- Constant temperature across the reactor
- Distribution of residence times without specifying age interactions (correct)
- Total segregation of molecules by age
Which condition is NOT assumed in the RTD model development?
Which condition is NOT assumed in the RTD model development?
What is the basis of the mass balance equation in the RTD model?
What is the basis of the mass balance equation in the RTD model?
What type of flow does a batch reactor commonly utilize according to the content?
What type of flow does a batch reactor commonly utilize according to the content?
What is the result of integrating the equation related to mean conversion in a reactor?
What is the result of integrating the equation related to mean conversion in a reactor?
What characterizes a macrofluid in the context of micromixing?
What characterizes a macrofluid in the context of micromixing?
What does the equation $$ -rA = kCA $$ represent?
What does the equation $$ -rA = kCA $$ represent?
In the context of batch reactors, what does the conversion $$ X = (1-e^{-kt}) $$ indicate?
In the context of batch reactors, what does the conversion $$ X = (1-e^{-kt}) $$ indicate?
What characterizes the series tank model for reactor residence time distribution (RTD)?
What characterizes the series tank model for reactor residence time distribution (RTD)?
What can the RTD study help identify in reactors?
What can the RTD study help identify in reactors?
Which technique is used to analyze RTD for a reactor?
Which technique is used to analyze RTD for a reactor?
How is RTD data useful for troubleshooting reactors?
How is RTD data useful for troubleshooting reactors?
What is the role of RTD in reactor scale-up?
What is the role of RTD in reactor scale-up?
What does the term residence time refer to in the context of reactors?
What does the term residence time refer to in the context of reactors?
Flashcards
Residence Time Distribution (RTD)
Residence Time Distribution (RTD)
RTD is the time a reactant spends in a reactor.
Micromixing
Micromixing
Mixing at the molecular level where molecules of different ages interact.
Macromixing
Macromixing
Mixing that doesn't denote how molecules of different ages meet.
Complete Segregation
Complete Segregation
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Complete Micromixing
Complete Micromixing
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Macrofluid
Macrofluid
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Microfluid
Microfluid
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Mass Balance Equation
Mass Balance Equation
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Rate of Reaction
Rate of Reaction
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Conversion in Batch Reactor
Conversion in Batch Reactor
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Series Tank Model
Series Tank Model
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Moment Analysis
Moment Analysis
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Reactor Design Optimization
Reactor Design Optimization
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Tracers in RTD Measurement
Tracers in RTD Measurement
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Study Notes
RTD (Residence Time Distribution)
- RTD describes the time it takes for a reactant to reside inside the reactor
- RTD is not a complete description of a particular reactor
- RTD is unique for a reactor
- RTD alone is insufficient to study the reactor performance (or degree of segregation)
- Mixing degree also needs to be considered with RTD
Micromixing and Macromixing
- Micromixing: How molecules of different ages encounter each other inside the reactor
- Molecules of the same age group travel together through the reactor
- Molecules are completely mixed at the molecular level as soon as they enter the reactor, signifying complete micromixing
- Macromixing: A fluid in which molecules are not confined to remain in the globules; they move everywhere
- Molecules of different ages do not mix with other globules
- Called a macrofluid
Models of Mixing
- Macro Fluid: The globules of a fluid do not mix with other globules. This is called a macrofluid.
- Micro Fluid: Molecules are not confined to remain in the globules; they are free to move everywhere. This is called a microfluid.
RTD + Model + Kinetic Data for Exit Conversion and Concentration
- Mean Conversion of globules spending time between t and t+dt in the reactor = X(t) E(t) dt
- Exit Conversion = ∫0∞ X(t) E(t) dt
Batch Reactor (First Order)
- Accumulation = disappearance → dNA/dt = -rA V
- Sub in: -d(NA(1-X)) / dt = rA V
- For first order
- dNAO (1-X)/dt = (kCA) V
Tanks in Series Model (One Parameter Model)
- RTD is analyzed from tracer pulse injection in the first tank. The tracer is then distributed to one or more reactors.
Material Balance (First Reactor)
- Accumulation = input - output
- V dC/dt = F Cin - F Cout
Material Balance (Second Reactor)
- Accumulation = input - output + Formation → VdC/dt = F Cin - FCout + r V
- V dC2/dt = V C1 - V C2) / t1
- For solving differential equations, use integrating factor approach.
Additional Relationships
- Various mathematical expressions are derived relating concentrations, time, and reaction rate constants for reactions in different reaction systems.
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