Chemical Elements and Metabolism
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Questions and Answers

True or false: The Universe was created 14 billion years ago?

True

True or false: The majority of chemical elements appeared immediately after the creation of the Universe?

True

True or false: As the Universe expanded and cooled, stars and planetary systems were formed?

True

True or false: Earth's position in the Solar System is optimal for exposure to the Sun's thermal energy and radiation.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The Earth's atmosphere and large amounts of water formed soon after the Earth's formation through complex chemical reactions.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The study of matter in living organisms is known as Biology.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: All living organisms are multicellular.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: ΔG represents the variation of enthalpy in a chemical reaction?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: RNA has completely replaced DNA as the main storage of genetic information in living organisms?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: A reaction with ΔG = 0 is at equilibrium?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: ATP is a 'high-energy' molecule that can react directly with other metabolites?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Mutations occur randomly in both DNA and RNA?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Catalysts alter the standard free-energy change, DG°, of a reaction?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Paralogous genes are believed to have been derived through gene duplication and subsequent mutations?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Orthologous genes found in different species have the same functions in both organisms?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The functional groups of biological molecules can induce chemical interactions, chemical recognition, and biochemical function.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stereoisomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but with different 3D orientation of their atoms in space.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enantiomers and diastereomers have identical physical properties and react identically with achiral reagents.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The number of stereoisomers for a molecule with 2 chiral centers is 2^2.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The Earth's atmosphere and large amounts of water formed soon after the Earth's formation through complex chemical reactions?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Orthologous genes found in different species have the same functions in both organisms?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The size of cells is determined by the type of cell and the environment in which they live.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Catalysts alter the standard free-energy change, $\Delta G^{\circ}$, of a reaction?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The majority of chemical elements required for biological systems appeared immediately after the creation of the Universe.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Earth's position in the Solar System is optimal for exposure to the Sun's thermal energy and radiation?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Mutations occur randomly in both DNA and RNA.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The Universe was created 14 billion years ago.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The Universe was created 14 billion years ago?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: RNA has completely replaced DNA as the main storage of genetic information in living organisms.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: DNA has completely replaced RNA as the main storage of genetic information in living organisms?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Mutations occur randomly in both DNA and RNA?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Paralogous genes are believed to have been derived through gene duplication and subsequent mutations?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Orthologous genes found in different species have the same functions in both organisms?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The study of matter in living organisms is known as Biochemistry?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The functional groups of biological molecules can induce chemical interactions, chemical recognition, and biochemical function?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Stereoisomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but with different 3D orientation of their atoms in space?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Enantiomers and diastereomers have identical physical properties and react identically with achiral reagents?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The number of stereoisomers for a molecule with 2 chiral centers is 2^2?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Catalysts alter the standard free-energy change, $\Delta G°$, of a reaction?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Gibbs free energy change, ΔG, represents the variation of enthalpy in a chemical reaction?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: ATP is a 'high-energy' molecule that can react directly with other metabolites?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Catalysts alter the standard free-energy change, ΔG°, of a reaction?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: RNA has completely replaced DNA as the main storage of genetic information in living organisms?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Enantiomers and diastereomers have identical physical properties and react identically with achiral reagents?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The Universe was created approximately 14 billion years ago?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Atoms associated into inorganic materials and molecules as the Universe expanded and cooled?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Stars and planetary systems were formed as the Universe expanded and cooled?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The majority of the chemical elements appeared almost immediately after the creation of the Universe?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The organic matter appeared as the Universe expanded and cooled?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Chemical elements such as K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe2+ play important roles in metabolism.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Carbon is hybridized sp3, sp2, and sp.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Geometric isomers can be interconverted without breaking bonds.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Enantiomers and diastereomers have different physical and chemical properties.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Macromolecules fold into 3D structures with unique binding pockets.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Earth's position in the Solar System is optimal for exposure to the Sun's thermal energy and radiation?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Cells of all kinds share certain structural features, including size, shape, and differences in structural and functional features between different types of cells.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The study of matter in living organisms is known as Biology.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The Earth's atmosphere and large amounts of water formed soon after the Earth's formation through complex chemical reactions.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Enantiomers and diastereomers have identical physical properties and react identically with achiral reagents.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: ΔG represents the variation of enthalpy in a chemical reaction?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Catalysts alter the standard free-energy change, ΔG°, of a reaction?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Mutations occur randomly in both DNA and RNA?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Enantiomers and diastereomers have identical physical properties and react identically with achiral reagents?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: RNA has completely replaced DNA as the main storage of genetic information in living organisms?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Complementarity of bases in DNA allows for replication with near-perfect fidelity?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Natural selection favors some mutations and allows for evolution?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Mutated polynucleotides may be transcribed and translated into proteins?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Homologous genes share sequence similarities and paralogous genes are derived through gene duplication?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Orthologous genes found in different species have the same functions?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

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