Chemical Coordination and Integration 22.1-22.4 Quiz

Questions and Answers

Match the following endocrine glands with their locations in the human body:

Hypothalamus = Basal part of diencephalon, forebrain Pituitary = Located in a bony cavity called sella tursica Thyroid = Endocrine gland in the human body Adrenal = Endocrine gland located on top of the kidneys

Match the following hormones with their functions in the human body:

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) = Stimulates the pituitary synthesis and release of gonadotrophins Somatostatin = Inhibits the release of growth hormone from the pituitary Prolactin (PRL) = Produced by the anterior pituitary Insulin = Produced by the pancreas and regulates blood sugar levels

Match the following organs with their hormone production in the human body:

Pancreas = Produces insulin and regulates blood sugar levels Thymus = Produces hormones as part of the endocrine system Ovary (in female) = Produces female sex hormones like estrogen and progesterone Testis (in male) = Produces male sex hormones like testosterone

Match the following chemicals with their role in the endocrine system:

Releasing hormones = Stimulate secretion of pituitary hormones Inhibiting hormones = Inhibit secretions of pituitary hormones Growth hormone (GH) = Produced by the anterior pituitary Neurosecretory cells = Produce hormones in the hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

Endocrine glands = Glands that lack ducts and release hormones into the blood Hormones = Non-nutrient chemicals that act as intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amounts Neural system = Provides rapid coordination among organs but is short-lived Physiological functions regulation = Joint coordination and regulation by the neural and endocrine systems Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with their roles in the endocrine system:

Neural system = Provides point-to-point rapid coordination among organs Hormones = Act as intercellular messengers and regulate cellular functions Endocrine glands = Release secretions (hormones) into the blood for transport to target organs Physiological functions regulation = Coordinated and regulated by both neural and endocrine systems Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organs with their hormone production:

Heart, Kidney, Gastrointestinal Tract = Produce specific hormones for regulatory functions Endocrine glands = Produce and release hormones into the blood for transport Nerve fibres = Do not innervate all cells of the body, requiring continuous regulation by hormones Cellular functions = Continuously regulated by hormones due to lack of innervation by nerve fibres Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with their characteristics in hormone action:

Hormones = Act as intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amounts Neural coordination = Fast but short-lived coordination among organs Endocrine glands = Lack ducts and release secretions (hormones) into the blood Physiological functions regulation = Joint coordination and regulation by both neural and endocrine systems Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes endocrine glands?

Glands that lack ducts and secrete hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the current scientific definition of hormones?

Intercellular messengers produced in trace amounts Signup and view all the answers

How do the neural and endocrine systems jointly coordinate and regulate physiological functions?

By continuously regulating cellular functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hormones in the body?

To act as intercellular messengers in trace amounts Signup and view all the answers

Why are endocrine glands referred to as ductless glands?

Because they lack ducts and secrete hormones Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the new scientific definition of hormones from the classical definition?

It covers a broader range of intercellular messengers Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain contains neurosecretory cells called nuclei which produce hormones?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone originating in the hypothalamic neurons stimulates the pituitary synthesis and release of gonadotrophins?

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is under the direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus?

Pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

Where is the pituitary gland located in the human body?

In a bony cavity called sella tursica Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the pituitary gland produces growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL)?

Pars distalis Signup and view all the answers

Which endocrine gland is mentioned as being located in a bony cavity and being attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk?

Pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone from the hypothalamus inhibits the release of growth hormone from the pituitary?

Somatostatin Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is described as the basal part of diencephalon and regulates a wide spectrum of body functions?

Forebrain Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of hormones produced by the hypothalamus that regulate the synthesis and secretion of pituitary hormones?

Stimulating hormones and inhibitory hormones Signup and view all the answers

Which glands are mentioned as being part of the organised endocrine bodies in our body?

Pituitary, pineal, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, parathyroid, thymus, gonads Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Endocrine Glands and Their Locations

Endocrine glands are located in various parts of the human body
The pituitary gland is located in the human body below the hypothalamus and attached to it by a stalk
The hypothalamus is located in the basal part of diencephalon and regulates a wide spectrum of body functions

Hormones and Their Functions

Hormones are produced by endocrine glands and regulate physiological functions
Hormones stimulate the synthesis and release of other hormones
Hormones inhibit the release of other hormones
Growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) are produced by the anterior pituitary gland
Gonadotrophins are stimulated by a hormone originating in the hypothalamic neurons

Hormone Production

The hypothalamus produces hormones that regulate the synthesis and secretion of pituitary hormones
The pituitary gland produces growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL)
The hypothalamus produces hormones that inhibit the release of growth hormone from the pituitary

Characteristics of Hormone Action

Hormones are produced by endocrine glands and regulate physiological functions
Hormones can stimulate or inhibit the release of other hormones

Endocrine System

The endocrine system is a system of glands that produce hormones to regulate physiological functions
The endocrine system jointly coordinates and regulates physiological functions with the neural system
Endocrine glands are referred to as ductless glands
The new scientific definition of hormones distinguishes it from the classical definition

Brain and Hormones

The hypothalamus contains neurosecretory cells called nuclei which produce hormones
The hypothalamus regulates a wide spectrum of body functions
The pituitary gland is under the direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus

Other Key Facts

Organised endocrine bodies in the human body include the pituitary gland and other glands
The hypothalamus produces two types of hormones that regulate the synthesis and secretion of pituitary hormones

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