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often used to express the concentration of commercial aqueous
reagents.
often used to express the concentration of commercial aqueous reagents.
Weight Percent
specify the concentration of a solution
prepared by diluting a pure liquid compound with another liquid.
specify the concentration of a solution prepared by diluting a pure liquid compound with another liquid.
Volume percent
expresses the mass of a sub-
stance per unit volume. In SI units,
density is expressed in units of kg/L or
alternatively g/mL.
expresses the mass of a sub- stance per unit volume. In SI units, density is expressed in units of kg/L or alternatively g/mL.
Density
the closeness of a mea-
sured value to the true or accepted
value.
the closeness of a mea- sured value to the true or accepted value.
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causes data to be
scattered more or less symmetrically around a mean value.
causes data to be scattered more or less symmetrically around a mean value.
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causes the mean
of a data set to differ from the accepted value.
causes the mean of a data set to differ from the accepted value.
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differ from indeterminate and
determinate errors. They usually occur only occasionally, are often large, and may
cause a result to be either high or low. They are often the product of human errors.
differ from indeterminate and determinate errors. They usually occur only occasionally, are often large, and may cause a result to be either high or low. They are often the product of human errors.
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Three types of systematic error
Three types of systematic error
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caused by nonideal instrument behavior, by faulty cali-
brations, or by use under inappropriate conditions.
caused by nonideal instrument behavior, by faulty cali- brations, or by use under inappropriate conditions.
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arise from nonideal chemical or physical behavior of analytical
system
arise from nonideal chemical or physical behavior of analytical system
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result from the carelessness, inattention, or personal limitations
of the experimenter.
result from the carelessness, inattention, or personal limitations of the experimenter.
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