38 Questions
Which type of buffer is typically found in the intracellular fluid?
Phosphate
Which type of buffer is typically found in the extracellular fluid?
Sodium bicarbonate
What is the ideal base bicarbonate-to-carbonic acid buffer pair ratio in the extracellular fluid for maintaining normal blood pH?
20:1
What is the effect of increased pH (alkaline) on the metabolic rate?
Increased metabolic rate
What is the effect of decreased pH (acidic) on the metabolic rate?
Decreased metabolic rate
What happens to the amount of carbonic acid and hydrogen ions in the RBCs when carbon dioxide and water leave the body?
They decrease
What happens to the acidity of oxygenated blood compared to deoxygenated blood?
Oxygenated blood is less acidic
What is the role of the respiratory center in regulating respiration?
Sensing changes in blood carbon dioxide levels and pH
What is the term used to describe the increase in respiration rate and depth in response to an increase in carbon dioxide levels?
Chemoreflex
Which mechanism do the kidneys use to increase blood pH?
Eliminating hydrogen ions
Which scenario is characterized by low CO2 levels?
Respiratory alkalosis
What happens if blood pH drops?
The tubules secrete more hydrogen ions into the blood
Which scenario is characterized by high CO2 levels?
Respiratory acidosis
Which mechanism do the kidneys use to form ammonium?
Combining hydrogen ions with ammonia
Which scenario is characterized by low HCO3 levels?
Metabolic acidosis
What is the primary function of the kidneys in maintaining blood pH?
Eliminating hydrogen ions
Which scenario is characterized by high HCO3 levels?
Metabolic alkalosis
How long does it take for this system to function?
Weeks
What can the body be in if pH levels change?
Both acidosis and alkalosis
Which of the following is NOT a type of chemical buffer found in the body?
Sodium bicarbonate
What is the normal base bicarbonate-to-carbonic acid buffer pair ratio in the extracellular fluid for maintaining normal blood pH?
20:1
Which of the following is NOT a respiratory buffer?
Oxygen
What happens to the acidity of oxygenated blood compared to deoxygenated blood?
It decreases
What is the term used to describe the increase in respiration rate and depth in response to an increase in carbon dioxide levels?
Chemoreflex
Which of the following is NOT a urinary buffer?
Proteins
What is the effect of increased pH (alkaline) on the metabolic rate?
It increases
What is the effect of decreased pH (acidic) on the metabolic rate?
It decreases
What is the primary function of the kidneys in maintaining blood pH?
Excreting acids
Which scenario is characterized by the kidneys retaining bicarbonate or excreting large amounts of hydrogen ions?
Metabolic alkalosis
What is the term used to describe the decrease in respiration rate and depth in response to low carbon dioxide levels?
Respiratory alkalosis
Which mechanism do the kidneys primarily use to increase blood pH?
Reabsorbing bicarbonate ions
What is the primary function of the respiratory center in regulating respiration?
Controlling respiration rate and depth
What is the effect of increased pH (alkaline) on the metabolic rate?
Decreases metabolic rate
What happens if blood pH drops?
The tubules secrete more hydrogen ions into urine
Which type of buffer is typically found in the extracellular fluid?
Bicarbonate buffer
What is the effect of decreased pH (acidic) on the metabolic rate?
Increases metabolic rate
Which mechanism do the kidneys use to form ammonium?
Combining hydrogen ions with ammonia
How long does it take for this system to function?
Days to weeks
Test your knowledge of chemical buffers and their role in maintaining pH balance in the body. Learn about intracellular and extracellular buffers, including phosphate, proteins, sodium bicarbonate, and carbonic acid. Understand the importance of maintaining normal blood pH and acid-base balance.
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