Chemical Bonding

What is the nature of the bond between atoms related to?

How do atoms achieve their lowest energy state?

What force is responsible for the attraction between electrons and protons in atoms?

What is the normal charge on a sodium ion?

What is the length of a stable NaCl bond?

What does the negative energy value (-8.37 × 10^(-19) J) in the NaCl bond represent?

What kind of bond is formed by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal?

What is the ideal distance between two nuclei at the point of minimum energy called?

What type of bond is formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another?

What creates a polarity when atoms in a covalent bond have different values of electronegativity?

Chemical Bonding: Covalent and Ionic Bonds

Atoms are attracted to each other, and this attraction causes stress, leading them to get closer to relieve it
The ideal distance between two nuclei at the point of minimum energy is called bond length
Bond length of Cl2 (chlorine gas) is 0.00199 nanometers, with an energy minimum of -239 kJ/mol
Covalent bonds are formed by atoms sharing electrons, and the strength of an atom holding shared electrons is called electronegativity
When atoms in a covalent bond have different electronegativities, it creates a polarity, forming a polar covalent bond
When a covalent bond forms between identical atoms, it creates a non-polar covalent bond
Covalent bonds tend to form from non-metals and metalloids, as they are more likely to share electrons
Metals tend to form ionic bonds, as they have loosely-held outer electron shells, leading to the formation of positive ions
Ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, and Coulomb's law can be used to calculate the energy between ions
Coulomb's law for ionic bonds states that the energy between two ions is the product of their charges divided by the distance between their nuclei, multiplied by a constant
The bond between sodium and chlorine in sodium chloride (table salt) can be used to illustrate Coulomb's law
Covalent bonds are important in the formation of various chemicals and are formed by non-metals and metalloids, while ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms

Test your knowledge of chemical bonding with this quiz on covalent and ionic bonds. Explore concepts such as bond length, electronegativity, polarity, and Coulomb's law, and learn about the formation of covalent bonds between non-metals and metalloids, and ionic bonds involving the transfer of electrons.