Chemical Bonding (Part 1)
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Questions and Answers

What is the charge of the cations formed by alkaline earth metals in group 2?

  • +3
  • +2 (correct)
  • +1
  • 0

    • How are the names of monatomic cations typically constructed?

  • Using the group number as part of the name
  • Starting with the charge followed by the metal name
  • Simply using the atomic number of the metal
  • Starting with the name of the metal, sometimes followed by a Roman numeral (correct)

    • What is the only common polyatomic cation mentioned?

  • Potassium
  • Ammonium (correct)
  • Hydroxide
  • Sodium

    • What charge do anions typically carry after forming from gaining electrons?

    <p>-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of elements forms anions with a charge of -2?

    <p>Group 16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are monatomic anions named?

    <p>By adding -ide to the root of the name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge for anions formed by elements in Group 15?

    <p>-3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the size relationship between anions and their original atoms?

    <p>Anions are larger than their original atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of ionic bonding?

    <p>It involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion has the formula NO3-?

    <p>Nitrate ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the formation of cations?

    <p>Cations are formed when metal atoms lose valence electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of ionic compounds allows them to conduct electricity when dissolved in water?

    <p>Free-moving ions in solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of cations formed by alkali metals?

    <p>+1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about anions is correct?

    <p>Anions are formed when non-metal atoms gain electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for the ionic compound formed between sodium (Na) and sulfate (SO42-)?

    <p>Na2SO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the size of an atom when it forms a cation?

    <p>The size of the atom decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic structure of ionic compounds called?

    <p>Ionic lattice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical formula demonstrates the charge of a cation?

    <p>Mg2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the melting and boiling points of ionic compounds compared to covalent compounds?

    <p>Ionic compounds have higher melting and boiling points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ion is formed when a metal atom loses one or more valence electrons?

    <p>Cation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly identifies the charge of a chloride ion?

    <p>Cl-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When writing the formula for an ionic compound, which comes first?

    <p>The cation (metal)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of chemical bonds involves attraction between charged ions?

    <p>Ionic bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a property of ionic compounds?

    <p>Conduct electricity in solid form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for lead(II) nitrate?

    <p>Pb(NO3)2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a polar covalent bond?

    <p>Electrons are shared unequally due to electronegativity differences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for magnesium sulfide?

    <p>MgS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to energy when covalent bonds are formed?

    <p>Energy is released.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you determine if a bond is polar or non-polar?

    <p>By examining the electronegativity differences between the atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a non-polar covalent bond?

    <p>A bond between carbon and carbon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for iron(III) chloride?

    <p>FeCl3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond occurs between two atoms with the same electronegativity?

    <p>Non-polar covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electronegativity difference that indicates a nonpolar bond?

    <p>Less than 0.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of structures is NOT associated with covalent compounds?

    <p>Metallic structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed when there is an electronegativity difference greater than 1.8?

    <p>Ionic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following property is characteristic of covalent compounds?

    <p>Soft and flexible nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is shown by the Lewis structure of a molecule?

    <p>The arrangement of valence electrons among atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about nonpolar covalent compounds is true?

    <p>They do not conduct electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is an example of a macromolecular structure?

    <p>Diamond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a polyatomic ion, how are nonmetal atoms held together?

    <p>Covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of valence electrons for the molecule H2O?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the presence of a negative charge in OH- affect the total valence electron count?

    <p>It increases the count by 1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the molecule NH4+, how is the total valence electron count calculated?

    <p>5 from nitrogen + 4 from hydrogen - 1 from positive charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atom is typically considered the central atom in a molecular skeleton?

    <p>The atom with the lowest electronegativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to form bonds in the skeleton structure?

    <p>Two valence electrons per bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After satisfying the octet rule, how are remaining electron pairs treated?

    <p>They are marked on the central atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of rearranging electron distribution in a molecule?

    <p>To minimize the formal charge on atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the electrons when a bond is formed between two atoms?

    <p>One electron is counted for each atom in the bond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chemical Bonding (Part 1)

    • Chemical bonding is the force of attraction between atoms or ions.
    • Bonds form when atoms share or transfer valence electrons.
    • Valence electrons in the outer energy level determine chemical interactions.
    • The octet rule states atoms prefer to have eight valence electrons.
    • Noble gases are least reactive because they already have a full octet.
    • Other elements gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a full octet.
    • Ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons.
    • Cations are positively charged ions (metals lose electrons).
    • Anions are negatively charged ions (non-metals gain electrons).
    • Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points due to strong electrostatic attractions.
    • Ions form lattice structures.
    • Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electron pairs.
    • Covalent bonds can be non-polar (equal sharing), or polar (unequal sharing).
    • Covalent compounds generally have lower melting and boiling points, and are soft and flexible.
    • Molecules and macromolecules are formed through covalent bonding.
    • Lewis structures show how valence electrons are arranged in molecules.
    • Determining the total valence electrons is the first step in drawing Lewis structures.
    • Subscripts are omitted in ionic compounds when they are 1.

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    Chemical Bonding - Session 04 - PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of chemical bonding in this quiz. Learn about ionic and covalent bonds, the role of valence electrons, and the octet rule that governs atomic interactions. Test your understanding of how atoms achieve stability through bonding.

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