12 Questions
What is the primary reason why covalent compounds do not conduct electricity when molten or in solution?
They do not break up to form ions.
What is the characteristic of ionic compounds that is responsible for their high melting and boiling points?
The electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
What is the difference between a σ (sigma) bond and a π (pi) bond?
A σ bond is formed by the end-on overlap of orbitals, while a π bond is formed by the sideways overlap of p-orbitals.
What is the term used to describe the electrons shared in a covalent bond?
Bond pairs.
What is the characteristic of covalent compounds that distinguishes them from ionic compounds?
They involve the sharing of electrons.
What is the characteristic of a polar covalent bond?
Electrons are unequally shared between two atoms.
What is the tendency of atoms to achieve an octet in their outermost energy level, and how does it relate to chemical bonding?
The tendency is known as the Octet Rule, and it states that atoms tend to achieve an electronic arrangement with eight electrons in their outermost energy level during bonding.
What is the difference between an atom and an ion, and how does it relate to ionic bonding?
An atom is a neutral particle, whereas an ion is a charged atom or group of atoms. In ionic bonding, ions with opposite charges attract each other, forming an electrostatic force of attraction.
What is the significance of valency in chemical bonding, and how does it relate to the formation of compounds?
Valency is the number of bonds an atom of an element forms when it reacts, and it determines the number of bonds an element can form to achieve a stable electronic arrangement.
What is the significance of lone pairs in covalent bonding, and how do they differ from bond pairs?
Lone pairs are electrons not involved in bonding, whereas bond pairs are shared electrons in a covalent bond. Lone pairs occupy space and influence the shape of molecules.
Define electronegativity?
Electronegativity is the relative attraction of an atom for the shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond.
What is the significance of electronegativity in the formation of polar covalent bonds, and how do they differ from nonpolar covalent bonds?
Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons, and it leads to unequal sharing of electrons in polar covalent bonds. In nonpolar covalent bonds, electrons are shared equally.
Learn about the fundamental concepts of chemical bonding, including the Octet Rule, valency, ions, and the formation of ionic bonds. Test your understanding of the forces of attraction between atoms and ions.
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