Chemical Bonding Basics

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What property of the building blocks of unsaturated fats causes them to be liquid at room temperature?

They have a linear structure

They have bends or kinks (correct)

They have a high melting point

They contain more saturated fatty acids

How does the fluidity of unsaturated fats compare to saturated fats at room temperature?

Fluidity is not related to temperature

Unsaturated fats are more fluid (correct)

Both have similar fluidity

Unsaturated fats are more solid

Which type of fatty acids make up unsaturated fats?

Both saturated and trans fatty acids

Only saturated fatty acids

Both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

Only unsaturated fatty acids (correct)

What effect do bends or kinks in unsaturated fat molecules have on their molecular structure?

They prevent the molecules from being tightly packed Signup and view all the answers

Why are unsaturated fats important in biological systems?

They contribute to membrane fluidity Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond results from the transfer of electrons and resulting electrical charges between two ions?

Ionic bond Signup and view all the answers

Which type of atoms form an ionic bond in the compound NaCl?

Metal and nonmetal Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond results from the sharing of electrons between two atoms?

Covalent bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a charged atom resulting from gaining or losing electrons?

Cation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of atom is more likely to form a covalent bond with another atom?

Unstable atom with unfilled outer shell Signup and view all the answers

Why are covalent bonds considered very strong?

They involve the sharing of electrons Signup and view all the answers

Which process is required to combine monosaccharides into di- or poly-saccharides?

Dehydration reaction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the most common types of polysaccharides mentioned in the text?

Fructose Signup and view all the answers

Which two polysaccharides are mentioned in the text as polymers of glucose?

Cellulose and chitin Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental difference between glycogen and cellulose?

Glycogen is easily digestible, while cellulose is not digestible by humans. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes chitin from the other mentioned polysaccharides?

Chitin has a nitrogen-containing functional group. Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecule is formed in a dehydration synthesis reaction between glycerol and fatty acids?

Triglyceride Signup and view all the answers

Which functional groups react during the dehydration synthesis to form a fat molecule?

Carboxyl and Hydroxyl Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hydroxyl groups on the glycerol backbone in fat molecule formation?

React with carboxyl groups Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the size of a triglyceride molecule compared to a monoglyceride?

Triglyceride is larger Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction creates a fat molecule from glycerol and fatty acids?

Dehydration synthesis reaction Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist was the first to describe cells with a microscope?

Robert Hooke Signup and view all the answers

What theory states that a cell is the most basic unit of life?

Cell Theory Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

Complexity and presence of nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells possess a large central vacuole?

Plant cells Signup and view all the answers

What organelle carries out protein synthesis based on genetic instructions?

Ribosome Signup and view all the answers

Why are cells limited in size according to the text?

Surface area/volume ratio relationship Signup and view all the answers