Chemical Bonding Basics

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Questions and Answers

What property of the building blocks of unsaturated fats causes them to be liquid at room temperature?

  • They have a linear structure
  • They have bends or kinks (correct)
  • They have a high melting point
  • They contain more saturated fatty acids

How does the fluidity of unsaturated fats compare to saturated fats at room temperature?

  • Fluidity is not related to temperature
  • Unsaturated fats are more fluid (correct)
  • Both have similar fluidity
  • Unsaturated fats are more solid

Which type of fatty acids make up unsaturated fats?

  • Both saturated and trans fatty acids
  • Only saturated fatty acids
  • Both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
  • Only unsaturated fatty acids (correct)

What effect do bends or kinks in unsaturated fat molecules have on their molecular structure?

<p>They prevent the molecules from being tightly packed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are unsaturated fats important in biological systems?

<p>They contribute to membrane fluidity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond results from the transfer of electrons and resulting electrical charges between two ions?

<p>Ionic bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of atoms form an ionic bond in the compound NaCl?

<p>Metal and nonmetal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond results from the sharing of electrons between two atoms?

<p>Covalent bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a charged atom resulting from gaining or losing electrons?

<p>Cation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of atom is more likely to form a covalent bond with another atom?

<p><strong>Unstable</strong> atom with unfilled outer shell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are covalent bonds considered very strong?

<p><strong>They involve the sharing of electrons</strong> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is required to combine monosaccharides into di- or poly-saccharides?

<p>Dehydration reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the most common types of polysaccharides mentioned in the text?

<p>Fructose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two polysaccharides are mentioned in the text as polymers of glucose?

<p>Cellulose and chitin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental difference between glycogen and cellulose?

<p>Glycogen is easily digestible, while cellulose is not digestible by humans. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes chitin from the other mentioned polysaccharides?

<p>Chitin has a nitrogen-containing functional group. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecule is formed in a dehydration synthesis reaction between glycerol and fatty acids?

<p>Triglyceride (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which functional groups react during the dehydration synthesis to form a fat molecule?

<p>Carboxyl and Hydroxyl (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hydroxyl groups on the glycerol backbone in fat molecule formation?

<p>React with carboxyl groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the size of a triglyceride molecule compared to a monoglyceride?

<p>Triglyceride is larger (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction creates a fat molecule from glycerol and fatty acids?

<p>Dehydration synthesis reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist was the first to describe cells with a microscope?

<p>Robert Hooke (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What theory states that a cell is the most basic unit of life?

<p>Cell Theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

<p>Complexity and presence of nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells possess a large central vacuole?

<p>Plant cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organelle carries out protein synthesis based on genetic instructions?

<p>Ribosome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are cells limited in size according to the text?

<p>Surface area/volume ratio relationship (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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