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Questions and Answers
What is a chemical bond?
A cation is formed when an atom gains electrons.
False
What charge does an anion carry?
Negative charge
Metals form __________, while non-metals form __________.
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Match the following ions with their charge type:
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What type of ion is formed when oxygen gains two electrons?
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Sodium (Na) has a stable electron configuration after losing one electron to become Na+.
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What is the term for the rule that states atoms tend to achieve eight electrons in their outer shell?
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Chlorine (Cl) becomes __________ when it gains an electron.
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Match the following element with the type of ion it forms upon achieving stability:
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Study Notes
Chemical Bonding
- A chemical bond is the attractive force between two atoms.
- Chemical bonds involve the valence electrons of the atoms, which are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom
Cations and Anions
- Cations are positively charged ions formed when an atom loses electrons.
- Anions are negatively charged ions formed when an atom gains electrons.
- Metals generally form cations by losing electrons.
- Non-metals generally form anions by gaining electrons.
Ion Formation
- To achieve stability, atoms tend to gain or lose electrons to have a full outer shell of eight electrons, known as the Octet Rule.
- Sodium (Na), a metal, loses one electron to form a sodium cation (Na+) with a positive charge. This leaves it with a full outer shell configuration like the noble gas Neon (Ne).
- Chlorine (Cl), a non-metal, gains one electron to form a chloride anion (Cl-) with a negative charge. This gives it a full outer shell configuration like the noble gas Argon (Ar).
- The similarity between stable ions and noble gases is that they have a full outer shell with eight electrons, leading to a stable configuration.
Examples of Ion Formation
- Fluorine (F) will gain one electron to form the fluoride anion (F-) because it has a configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p5, meaning it's missing one electron to achieve the noble gas configuration of Neon.
- Potassium (K) will lose one electron to form the potassium cation (K+). It has a configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1, and losing an electron leaves it with a configuration like the previous noble gas, Argon.
- Oxygen (O) gains two electrons to form the oxide anion (O2-).
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of chemical bonding, including the formation of cations and anions. Understand how atoms achieve stability by following the Octet Rule and how elements like sodium and chlorine interact to form ions. Test your knowledge of these essential concepts in chemistry.
