Questions and Answers
Which covalent bond is the most polar?
What is the distance between atoms in BrCl?
214 pm
Which covalent bond is the most polar?
Which of the following exhibits ion-dipole forces?
Signup and view all the answers
Which has the smallest dipole-dipole forces?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following compounds has the highest boiling point?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the intermolecular forces is the most important contributor to the high surface tension shown by water?
Signup and view all the answers
Of C2H5OH and C3H5(OH)3, the one expected to have the higher viscosity is ________, and the one expected to have the higher surface tension is ________.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following phase changes has a positive value for its entropy change?
Signup and view all the answers
How much heat is released when 75.0 g of steam at 100.0°C is cooled to ice at -15.0°C?
Signup and view all the answers
How much energy (in kilojoules) is released when 14.0 g of steam at 119.5°C is condensed to give liquid water at 65.0°C?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following substances has the highest boiling point?
Signup and view all the answers
Solids having no ordered long-range structure are classified as?
Signup and view all the answers
The wavelength of light used to observe an object must be ________ than the object itself.
Signup and view all the answers
Layers of atoms having a spacing of 105 pm will diffract X-rays with d = 154.2 pm at an angle of ________ degrees.
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of spherical packing has the most unused space?
Signup and view all the answers
How many atoms are in one body-centered cubic unit cell of a metal?
Signup and view all the answers
Silver crystallizes in a face-centered cubic structure. What is the edge length of the unit cell if the atomic radius of silver is 144 pm?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a unit cell?
Signup and view all the answers
Which transition could occur if a solid is heated at a pressure below the triple point pressure?
Signup and view all the answers
A supercritical fluid refers to a substance?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Covalent Bonds and Polarization
- The most polar covalent bond identified is C—F.
- The Br—Cl bond has 5.05% ionic character and a dipole moment of 0.518 D, with an interatomic distance of 214 pm.
- Another highly polar bond is B—N.
Intermolecular Forces
- Ion-dipole forces occur in NaCl(aq).
- N2 exhibits the smallest dipole-dipole forces.
- The highest boiling point among selected compounds is H2O due to strong intermolecular interactions.
- Hydrogen bonding is the major contributor to water's high surface tension.
Molecular Properties and Viscosity
- C3H5(OH)3 is expected to have higher viscosity and surface tension compared to C2H5OH.
- Boiling water has a positive entropy change.
Heat Calculations
- Cooling 75.0 g of steam at 100.0°C to ice at -15.0°C results in the release of 228 kJ of heat.
- Energy released when condensing 14.0 g of steam at 119.5°C to liquid water at 65.0°C requires heat of vaporization and molar heat capacities.
Boiling Points and Molecular Structure
- Among hydrocarbons, CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 has the highest boiling point.
- Solids lacking ordered long-range structure are termed amorphous.
Light and Diffraction
- Light's wavelength must be smaller than the object being observed for effective visualization.
Atomic Packing and Unit Cells
- Simple cubic packing has the highest unused space compared to other packing types.
- A body-centered cubic unit cell contains 2 atoms.
- For silver in a face-centered cubic structure, with an atomic radius of 144 pm, the unit cell edge length is calculated to be 407 pm.
- The unit cell is defined as the smallest repeating unit in a crystal.
Phase Changes and Critical Conditions
- When heated below the triple point pressure, solids can undergo sublimation.
- A supercritical fluid exists above both its critical temperature and critical pressure.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of covalent bonds and their polarity with these flashcards based on Chapter 10 of your chemistry course. Challenges include determining the most polar covalent bonds and calculating properties like ionic character and atomic distance. Perfect for students preparing for exams!
