Chem 1412 Homework 10 Flashcards

Study Notes

Acid and Base Characteristics

Acids exhibit a sour flavor, turn litmus paper red, and can dissolve some metals.
Bases have a bitter flavor, turn litmus paper blue, and feel slippery to the touch.

Conjugate Acids and Bases

Conjugate acids formed from the following compounds:
- HCO3⁻ converts to H2CO3
- PO4³⁻ converts to HPO4²⁻
- NH3 converts to NH4⁺
Conjugate bases formed from the following compounds:
- H2SO4 converts to HSO4⁻
- H2PO4⁻ converts to HPO4²⁻
- NH4⁺ converts to NH3

Bronsted Acid and Base Classification

In the reaction featuring HCN and NH2⁻:
- HCN acts as an acid
- NH2⁻ and CN⁻ act as bases
- NH3 acts as an acid in other contexts

Acid Strength and Conjugate Bases

For three acids ranked by strength (HX > HY > HZ), the corresponding strength of their conjugate bases ranks as follows:
- Strongest base: Z⁻
- Middle base: Y⁻
- Weakest base: X⁻

Completing Bronsted-Lowry Reactions

The reactions can be completed as follows:
- HS⁻ + H⁺ results in H2S
- HS⁻ + OH⁻ results in HO⁻S²⁻

Oxoacids of Iodine Strength

The strength of Iodine oxoacids is ranked:
- Strongest: HIO4
- Middle: HIO3
- Weak: HIO2
- Weakest: HIO

Ionizable Protons in Phosphorus Acids

The number of ionizable protons per formula unit for selected phosphorus acids:
- H3PO2: 1 (monoprotic)
- H3PO3: 2 (diprotic)
- H3PO4: 3 (triprotic)

Ranking Generic Acids

Generic acids ranked by strength are:
- Strongest: HX
- Middle: HY
- Weakest: HZ

Formation of Salt in Reactions

From the reaction between HNO3 and Ba(OH)2, the resulting salt is Ba(NO3)2.

Neutralization Reaction Balanced Equations

Balanced molecular equation for the reaction of HI and Ba(OH)2:
- 2HI(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) → BaI2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
Overall and net ionic equations for the HI and KOH reaction:
- Overall: HI(aq) + KOH(aq) → KI(aq) + H2O(l)
- Net Ionic: H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → H2O(l)

Classification of Compounds in Solution

In aqueous solution:
- Strong acids: HI, HNO3
- Weak acids: CH3COOH, H3PO4, HF
- Strong bases: NaOH, Ba(OH)2
- Weak bases: NH3, (CH3)2NH
- Other: NaCl

Classification of Salts

Salts categorized by pH behavior:
- Acidic: NH4ClO4
- Basic: NaF, K2SO3
- Neutral: LiNO3, KCl

Classification of Bases

Species classification in aqueous solution:
- Arrhenius Bases: NH3(aq), NaOH(aq)
- Bronsted-Lowry Bases: NH3(aq), NaOH(aq)
- Lewis Bases: NH3(aq), Br⁻(aq), NaOH(aq)

Description

This quiz focuses on the key concepts of acids and bases covered in Chem 1412. Students will classify characteristics, identify conjugate acids, and recognize conjugate bases. Perfect for reviewing essential chemical properties and relationships.

Chem 1412 Homework 10 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Which of these options are qualities of acids? (Select all that apply)

What is the conjugate acid of HCO3-?

What is the conjugate base of H2SO4?

Label each reactant and product in the reaction:

Rank the strengths of the conjugate bases of HX, HY, and HZ.

Complete this Bronsted-Lowry reaction: HS^- + H^+ = ______

Complete this Bronsted-Lowry reaction: HS^- + OH^- = ______

Rank the oxoacids of iodine according to strength.

Determine the number of ionizable protons for H3PO2, H3PO3, and H3PO4.

Rank the strengths of the acids HX, HY, and HZ.

What is the formula for the salt that forms when HNO3 reacts with Ba(OH)2?

Write the balanced molecular equation for the neutralization reaction between HI and Ba(OH)2.

Write the overall (molecular) equation and net ionic equation for the reaction of HI and KOH.

Classify HI and HNO3 in aqueous solution.

Classify NH4ClO4 in terms of acidity.

Which of the following species can be classified as Lewis bases?