Questions and Answers
What are amines derivatives of?
What is the IUPAC name for CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-N-CH3?
N-methyl-1-butanamine
What is the common name for CH3-CH2-NH2?
What is a primary amine?
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What is a secondary amine?
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What is a tertiary amine?
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What is the amine of benzene called?
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Which compound is more soluble in water, 1° amines or 3° amines?
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Amines react as Brønsted-Lowry acids in water.
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When does an amine salt form?
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What are alkaloids?
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Amines are soluble in water if they have __ to __ carbon atoms.
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What happens when ethylamine reacts with H2O?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of amine salts?
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Study Notes
Amines Overview
- Amines are derivatives of ammonia (NH3) containing one or more alkyl or aryl groups.
- The IUPAC naming convention replaces the "e" in the alkane name with "amine".
- Primary amines feature one carbon group bonded to nitrogen, secondary amines have two, and tertiary amines have three.
IUPAC Naming of Amines
- Identify the longest carbon chain connected to the nitrogen atom.
- Replace the "e" of the alkane name with "amine" and number the chain for the position of the amine group.
- Alkyl groups attached to nitrogen are prefixed with "N-" followed by the alkyl name.
Examples of Naming and Classifying Amines
- N-methyl-1-butanamine is derived from a butane structure with a methyl group on nitrogen.
- Common names for amines include Ethylamine (CH3-CH2-NH2) and Dimethylamine (CH3-NH-CH3).
- Ethylmethylamine (common) and N-methylethanamine (IUPAC) are also examples.
Structural Representation
- Condensed structural formulas showcase the arrangement of amine groups within a carbon chain.
Functional Groups and Priority in Naming
- Compounds containing multiple functional groups prioritize oxygen-containing groups over amine groups.
Special Cases
- Aniline is the amine derived from benzene.
- Amines can become amine salts when neutralized by an acid, often leading to names that include "ammonium" followed by a negative ion.
Solubility and Properties of Amines
- Amines with 1 to 6 carbon atoms are generally water-soluble, with primary amines being most soluble.
- Weak hydrogen bonding in amines results from nitrogen being less electronegative than oxygen.
Reactions and Characteristics
- Amines act as Brønsted-Lowry bases in water and equipotently attract protons from water.
- Properties of amine salts include being ionic compounds, soluble in water, and often used as pharmaceuticals.
Heterocyclic Amines
- Heterocyclic amines contain nitrogen in a cyclic structure with five or six atoms and play significant biological roles, such as in DNA and RNA.
Alkaloids and Their Application
- Alkaloids are bioactive nitrogen-containing compounds produced by plants.
- These compounds have various uses, including stimulants and pain relief (e.g., nicotine, caffeine, morphine).
Pharmacology and Drug Design
- Research in pharmacology focuses on designing and modifying drugs that retain beneficial properties of alkaloids while minimizing addictive effects.
Amides
- Amides are formed when an amino group (-NH2) replaces the -OH group in carboxylic acids, creating a distinct class of compounds.
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Description
Test your knowledge of amines and their IUPAC naming conventions with this helpful set of flashcards. Each card covers key definitions and naming strategies crucial for understanding organic chemistry concepts related to amines. Perfect for CHEM 106 students aiming to master chapter 18 topics.
