Chelating Agents for Heavy Metal Poisoning
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Questions and Answers

What is the mode of action of chelating agents in treating heavy metal poisoning?

  • Converting the metal in the body's tissues into harmless compounds which are then excreted through feces
  • Interacting with the metal in the body's tissues to neutralize its toxic effects
  • Forming a chelate with the metal in the body's tissues and then excreting it through the skin (correct)
  • Binding to the metal in the body's tissues and forming a complex which is then excreted through the lungs

    • Which chelating agent is recommended for the removal of excess copper in patients with Wilson’s disease?

  • Dimercaprol
  • Calcium disodium edetate
  • Penicillamine (correct)
  • British anti-Lewisite

    • Which heavy metals are effectively treated using chelation therapy?

  • Nickel and chromium
  • Lead, mercury, and arsenic (correct)
  • Cadmium and copper
  • Iron and aluminum

    • How are chelating agents administered to patients for treating heavy metal poisoning?

    <p>Orally, intramuscularly, or intravenously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common chelating agent used in the treatment of heavy-metal poisoning?

    <p>Dimercaprol (BAL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it very difficult to treat cadmium poisoning using chelation therapy?

    <p>Because cadmium forms stable complexes with chelating agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chelating agent is used for the treatment of acute and chronic lead poisoning in both pediatrics and adult populations?

    <p>Calcium disodium edetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chelating agent can be used as an antidote for arsenic, lead, gold, and mercury poisoning?

    <p>Dimercaprol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chelating agent contains a disulfide group that can be transformed in the body to a dithiol group?

    <p>Lipoic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chelating agent is indicated for the treatment of lead, arsenic, and mercury poisoning?

    <p>DMSA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chelating agent is a modification of BAL containing two thiol groups and two carboxylic acid groups?

    <p>DMSA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chelating agent has an affinity for divalent and trivalent metals, forming stable, soluble complexes that are then excreted by the kidneys?

    <p>Calcium disodium edetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chelating agent competes with enzymes for the coordination of heavy metals and forms a chelated complex that is then excreted in the urine?

    <p>Dimercaprol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Edetate' refers to the calcium disodium salt of which chelating agent?

    <p>Calcium disodium edetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    '2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol' is the chemical name for which chelating agent used for lead poisoning along with Disodium edetate?

    <p>Dimercaprol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chelating agent forms strong complexes with lead, zinc, cadmium, manganese, iron, and mercury?

    <p>Calcium disodium edetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chelating Agents in Heavy Metal Poisoning

    • Chelating agents work by forming stable, soluble complexes with heavy metals, which are then excreted by the kidneys, thereby removing the toxic metal from the body.

    Chelating Agents for Specific Heavy Metals

    • For Wilson's disease, penicillamine is recommended for removing excess copper.
    • Chelation therapy is effective for treating lead, mercury, arsenic, and gold poisoning.

    Administration of Chelating Agents

    • Chelating agents are administered to patients to treat heavy metal poisoning, and the route of administration depends on the specific agent and patient needs.

    Common Chelating Agents

    • Dimercaprol (BAL) is the most commonly used chelating agent for treating heavy-metal poisoning.
    • DMSA is used for the treatment of acute and chronic lead poisoning in both pediatric and adult populations.
    • DMSA can also be used as an antidote for arsenic, lead, gold, and mercury poisoning.
    • EDTA is a chelating agent that has an affinity for divalent and trivalent metals, forming stable, soluble complexes that are then excreted by the kidneys.
    • EDTA competes with enzymes for the coordination of heavy metals and forms a chelated complex that is then excreted in the urine.

    Properties of Chelating Agents

    • DMSA contains a disulfide group that can be transformed in the body to a dithiol group.
    • DMSA is indicated for the treatment of lead, arsenic, and mercury poisoning.
    • EDTA is a modification of BAL containing two thiol groups and two carboxylic acid groups.
    • DTPA forms strong complexes with lead, zinc, cadmium, manganese, iron, and mercury.

    Specific Chelating Agents

    • 'Edetate' refers to the calcium disodium salt of EDTA.
    • '2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol' is the chemical name for BAL used for lead poisoning along with Disodium edetate.

    Challenges of Chelation Therapy

    • Cadmium poisoning is difficult to treat using chelation therapy due to the complexity of cadmium's chemical properties.

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    Description

    Learn about the chelating agents used to treat heavy metal poisoning such as lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium. Understand the administration and effectiveness of chelation therapy as a treatment option.

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