CHEG 360 Hydrogen Technologies Lecture 3

Introduction to Hydrogen Technologies and Applications (CHEG 360) - FALL 2024

• This course covers hydrogen technologies and applications.
• Lecture 3 focuses on the basic properties of hydrogen.
• The course instructor for this lecture is Dr. Lourdes F. Vega, Director of the Research and Innovation Center on CO₂ and Hydrogen (RICH Center).
• The lecturer for this session is Dr. Ismail Alkhatib.
• The date of the lecture is September 3, 2024.
• The presentation references the properties of hydrogen, including discovery and production.
• It explores the different isotopes of hydrogen: protium, deuterium, and tritium, and their abundance.

Hydrogen News

• The DOE is funding 4 hydrogen refueling projects, each receiving $10 million.
• Uniper has a pilot hydrogen cavern storage site in Germany.
• These projects/sites are meant to demonstrate low-cost, standardized, and replicable hydrogen refueling stations.
• The pilot Hydrogen Pilot Cavern (HPC) in Germany aims to store hydrogen and natural gas blends at an existing borehole.

Course Content

• The course covers introduction to hydrogen and safety, production, transportation, storage, and utilization.
• The course discusses the generation of hydrogen from hydrocarbons.
• The module includes Solar and Bio-Hydrogen generation, as well as Ammonia and Chemical transportation.
• Hydrogen physical storage and combustion are also within the course topics.
• The course also covers the role of hydrogen in the new energy scenario, specifically large-scale energy storage (power-to-power) and power-to-X.

Content of this Lecture (Ch1-1)

• The lecture covers hydrogen generation, storage, and utilization.
• The chapter provides the properties of hydrogen and its discovery.
• Basic information on the hydrogen element is included.
• The lecture details hydrogen molecule properties.
• Further fundamental aspects of hydrogen are discussed.

Properties of Hydrogen

• Hydrogen's name originates from the Greek words "hydro" (water) and "gen" (generate).
• Atomic number: 1; Atomic weight: 1.0079
• Melting point: -259°C; Boiling point: -253°C
• Vapor density: 0.08376 kg/m³ (at 20°C, 1 atm)
• Specific gravity: 0.0696; Flashpoint: -253°C
• Valence: 1
• Description: Colorless, odorless, combustible gas

Who Found Hydrogen and How

• Henry Cavendish discovered hydrogen in 1766 in London.
• Cavendish was a prominent natural philosopher, scientist, chemist, and physicist.
• Cavendish's experiment helped calculate the gravitational constant.
• Antoine Lavoisier later reproduced Cavendish's experiment and gave the element its name.

How was Hydrogen Found by Cavendish?

• Cavendish described the density of inflammable air and its reaction to form water on combustion.
• This was documented in the paper "On Factitious Airs."
• Lavoisier later refined these findings.

Position of Hydrogen in the Periodic Table

• Hydrogen's position in the periodic table is described and its electronic configuration is explained.

Hydrogen Facts

• Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe (75% of the known mass).
• Stars primarily fuse hydrogen to produce helium during their lifespan.
• Hydrogen is crucial for numerous molecules and biological processes.

Basic Properties of Hydrogen Element

• Atomic hydrogen is the simplest and lightest element.
• It consists of one proton, and one electron, and no neutrons.
• Hydrogen has three isotopes (protium, deuterium, and tritium).
• The isotopes have subtle differences in mass but similar electronic and chemical properties.

Basics about the Hydrogen Molecule

• Hydrogen atoms combine to form an H₂ molecule.
• This molecule has a strong covalent bond.
• The equilibrium bond length is 0.74 Å.
• Bond dissociation energy is 4.52 eV (436 kJ/mol).
• The molecule is colorless, though various “colors” are discussed in reference materials.

Basics about the Hydrogen Molecule (Isotopes)

• Hydrogen exists as ortho- and para-hydrogen isomers.
• At standard temperature and pressure, H₂ gas is approximately 75% ortho and 25% para.
• The ortho/para ratio decreases as temperature decreases.

Basics about the Hydrogen Molecule (Reactions)

• Hydrogen can react under certain conditions with various elements and molecules.
• An example is the reaction with oxygen to produce water.
• This process often occurs through a combustion reaction.

Physical Properties of Hydrogen vs. Other Fuels

• A comparison table of hydrogen's density, energy, and other physical properties with other fuels like natural gas, LNG and gasoline is presented.

Take-Home Messages

• The presentation summarizes key points about hydrogen's properties to help students understand.
• OMV is a reference for information.

Calendar of Assessments

• The schedule for assessments (quizzes, midterms, and final), projects, and a possible DEWA visit are detailed.

Thank You

• Concluding remarks and contact information of the course instructors are given.

This quiz covers the basic properties of hydrogen as discussed in Lecture 3 of the CHEG 360 course. It includes information on hydrogen discovery, production, and isotopes such as protium, deuterium, and tritium. Additionally, the quiz touches on recent hydrogen news and projects funded by the DOE.