Lesson 9 (Serctions 5, 6 &7 )

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a power shared by both the federal and state governments?

  • Building roads
  • Declaring war (correct)
  • Collecting taxes
  • Regulating education

The Constitution provides specific rules for every situation regarding the sharing of power between federal and state governments.

False (B)

What is the primary document that establishes the framework for the sharing of power between the federal and state governments?

The Constitution

The ______ sets the date for national elections.

<p>Congress</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for registering voters and running elections?

<p>State governments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following actions related to elections with the level of government responsible:

<p>Setting the date for national elections = Congress Registering voters and running elections = State governments Counting the ballots = State governments Organizing the Electoral College vote = Federal government</p> Signup and view all the answers

The federal system in the United States is static and has remained unchanged since the founding of the country.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary principle that establishes the Constitution as the supreme law of the land?

<p>Supremacy Clause</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ states that the Constitution and the laws flowing from it are the 'supreme Law of the Land'.

<p>Supremacy Clause</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a way in which the federal system continues to evolve?

<p>Changes to the state constitutions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary concern of the framers of the Constitution in regards to governmental power?

<p>Balancing national power with individual rights (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The separation of powers among the three branches of government was designed to eliminate the possibility of one branch dominating the others.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of checks and balances within the U.S government?

<p>To limit the power of each branch of government and prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The president can check Congress's power to pass laws by ______ a bill before it becomes a law.

<p>vetoing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following actions with the branch of government that has the power to perform them:

<p>Vetoing a bill = Executive Branch Declaring a law unconstitutional = Judicial Branch Overriding a veto = Legislative Branch Approving treaties = Legislative Branch Appointing federal judges = Executive Branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Judicial Branch has complete and absolute power to overrule the decisions of the other two branches.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how balances within the government system help to prevent any one branch from being too powerful.

<p>Each branch of government has some role in the actions and powers of the other branches. For example, the President can nominate judges but the Senate must approve them, providing a balance in judicial appointments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Congress can check the president's power by ______ a veto by a two-thirds majority vote in each house.

<p>overriding</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a check and balance in the U.S government?

<p>The House of Representatives passing a law (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Checks and balances are solely designed to protect the rights of the government.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thomas Jefferson's quote about the earth belonging to the living and not the dead reflects the understanding that the Constitution should be ______ over time.

<p>adaptable</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a way to propose an amendment to the Constitution?

<p>A two-thirds vote in the Supreme Court (A), A petition signed by a majority of US citizens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Bill of Rights, consisting of the first ten amendments, was added to the Constitution immediately after its original ratification.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the amendment with its primary focus:

<p>Thirteenth Amendment = Abolished slavery Nineteenth Amendment = Granted women the right to vote Twenty-sixth Amendment = Lowered the voting age to 18</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason the framers established a federal system of government, dividing power between the national and state levels?

<p>To create a balance of power, preventing either the national government or individual states from becoming too dominant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which power is solely reserved for the national government according to the Constitution?

<p>Regulating interstate commerce (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Full Faith and Credit Clause requires states to honor the legal contracts made in other states.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Constitution's treatment of Native American tribes as ______ emphasizes the national government's responsibility for managing relations with them.

<p>foreign governments</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the framers believe it was crucial for the national government to have the power to print and coin money?

<p>To prevent the chaos and instability caused by multiple state currencies, creating a unified national economic system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of a national common market?

<p>Increased difficulty in establishing large businesses crossing state lines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Checks and Balances

A system to prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful.

Separation of Powers

The division of government into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.

Veto Power

The president's ability to reject a bill passed by Congress.

Override

Congress's power to pass a bill despite a presidential veto with a two-thirds majority.

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Judicial Review

The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws or actions unconstitutional.

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Impeachment

The process by which Congress can remove a federal official from office.

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Confirmation

The Senate's approval process for presidential nominations of judges and other officials.

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Cabinet Members

Advisors to the president, appointed by the president but confirmed by the Senate.

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Treaty Ratification

The process by which the Senate approves international treaties signed by the president.

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Balance of Powers

The distribution of power among the three branches to prevent dominance by any one.

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Amendment Process

The method by which changes (amendments) can be made to the U.S. Constitution.

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Article V

Section of the Constitution detailing the amendment process.

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Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution guaranteeing specific rights.

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Commerce Clause

Part of Article I that gives Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce.

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Federal System

A governance system where power is shared between national and state governments.

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National Powers

Specific powers granted only to the national government, like declaring war.

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State Powers

Powers that are retained by the states, not defined in the Constitution.

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Full Faith and Credit Clause

Requires states to recognize laws and court decisions from other states.

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Ratification Process

The method by which proposed amendments are approved and added to the Constitution.

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Thirteenth Amendment

An amendment that abolished slavery in the United States.

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Shared Powers

Powers that both federal and state governments exercise, like taxes and education regulation.

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Federalism

The system of government where power is divided between a central authority and regional authorities.

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Electoral College

A group that formally elects the President of the United States based on state votes.

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Supreme Law of the Land

Article VI of the Constitution states that the Constitution is the highest law, overriding state laws.

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Constitutional Framework

The general structure provided by the Constitution on how powers are shared.

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State Elections

States are responsible for registering voters and running elections, including counting ballots.

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Court Decisions

Judicial rulings that can change how laws and powers are interpreted within the federal system.

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Constitutional Amendments

Changes or additions to the Constitution that can alter the sharing of powers.

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Oath of Office

A promise made by individuals in federal or state positions to support the Constitution.

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Law Evolution

The ongoing development of laws affected by new legislation, court rulings, and amendments.

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Study Notes

Checks and Balances

  • Framers of the Constitution aimed to balance national power with individual freedoms, creating a three-branch system to limit power.
  • Checks and balances were designed to prevent any one branch from dominating the others.
  • Each branch has powers to limit the power of other branches (checks).
  • President can veto laws passed by Congress, while Congress can override a veto.
  • Judicial branch can review laws, treaties, and executive actions using judicial review.
  • Branches also balance each other's power (balances).
  • Examples: President nominates judges, but the Senate approves them; President signs treaties, but the Senate must approve them; Congress can impeach federal judges.
  • These systems ensure no single branch becomes too strong.

Amendment Process

  • Thomas Jefferson's belief that "the earth belongs to the living" influenced the Constitution's amendability.
  • Two methods exist to propose amendments: by Congress (2/3 vote in each house) or national convention (called by Congress at the request of 2/3 of state legislatures).
  • Amendments must be ratified (approved) before becoming part of the Constitution.
  • Ratification methods: by state legislatures (3/4 of states) or by special state conventions (3/4 of states).
  • Many proposed amendments exist, yet only 27 have been ratified.
  • The first 10 amendments (Bill of Rights) were passed quickly. These secure specific rights for citizens.
  • Other amendments made changes in elections or guaranteed rights for different groups (e.g.: 13th Amendment-Abolition of Slavery; 19th Amendment-Women's Suffrage; 26th Amendment-Voting Rights for 18 year olds).

Federal System

  • The Constitution established a federal system, dividing power between national and state governments.
  • National government powers include declaring war, making treaties. printing, and coining money.
  • The Commerce Clause (Article 1) gives the national government control over interstate commerce. The clause prevented states from impeding trade with tariffs and taxes.
  • Federalism fostered interstate trade, aiding regional specializations and larger businesses.
  • A national economy developed because of easier trade.
  • National government also controls trade with Native American tribes.
  • States retain powers not explicitly given to the national government (e.g.: education, marriage laws, local governments, licensing professionals in most states).
  • Full Faith and Credit Clause(Article IV) requires states to respect the laws and court decisions of other states (e.g.: driver's licenses).
  • Federal and state governments share some powers (e.g.: taxation, road construction).
  • The Constitution's framework for sharing powers has been adapted through laws, court cases, and constitutional amendments.
  • "supreme Law of the Land" - the Constitution and the laws derived from it supersede state laws and decisions.

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