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Questions and Answers
The electrostatic series is also known as the ______ series.
The electrostatic series is also known as the ______ series.
triboelectric
The words 'electron' and 'electricity' originate from the Greek word for amber, which is '______'.
The words 'electron' and 'electricity' originate from the Greek word for amber, which is '______'.
elektron
When charging by conduction, electrons move from the object with a larger negative charge (less positive) to the object with the ______ negative charge (more positive).
When charging by conduction, electrons move from the object with a larger negative charge (less positive) to the object with the ______ negative charge (more positive).
smaller
In humid conditions, a charged object loses its charge quickly due to collisions with ______ molecules in the air.
In humid conditions, a charged object loses its charge quickly due to collisions with ______ molecules in the air.
The process of connecting an object to Earth to remove excess charge is called ______.
The process of connecting an object to Earth to remove excess charge is called ______.
The transfer of electrons between two neutral objects made from different materials when they are rubbed together is called charging by ______.
The transfer of electrons between two neutral objects made from different materials when they are rubbed together is called charging by ______.
Touching different materials together and then separating them can sometimes, but not always, cause a ______ imbalance.
Touching different materials together and then separating them can sometimes, but not always, cause a ______ imbalance.
Devices used in power plants to filter particles from smokestack emissions that use charged plates are called electrostatic ______.
Devices used in power plants to filter particles from smokestack emissions that use charged plates are called electrostatic ______.
Two common methods of charging an object are charging by friction and charging by ______.
Two common methods of charging an object are charging by friction and charging by ______.
Electrostatic dusters work because they build up a surface ______ that then attracts dust.
Electrostatic dusters work because they build up a surface ______ that then attracts dust.
Flashcards
Charging by friction
Charging by friction
The transfer of electrons between two neutral objects made from different materials that occurs when they are rubbed together or come in contact (touch).
Electrostatic series
Electrostatic series
A list of materials arranged in order of their tendency to gain electrons.
Charging by conduction
Charging by conduction
Charging an object by contact with a charged object, resulting in electron transfer.
Grounding
Grounding
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Electrostatic precipitator
Electrostatic precipitator
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Study Notes
- Over 2500 years ago, Thales of Miletus observed amber attracting objects after rubbing it with fur.
- Neutral objects can gain charge through direct contact in various ways, with charging by friction and conduction being common methods.
Charging Objects by Friction
- Charging by friction is when neutral materials are rubbed together, transferring electric charges.
- One material gains electrons and becomes negatively charged, while the other loses electrons and becomes positively charged.
- The tendency to attract electrons varies between materials, influencing charge transfer.
- For example, rubbing a comb through hair causes the comb to gain electrons and the hair to lose them.
- Objects charge more easily in dry conditions due to less water vapor interfering with charge transfer.
- Rubbing is not always needed; simply touching and separating materials can induce charge imbalance.
The Electrostatic Series
- The electrostatic series ranks materials by their tendency to gain electrons.
- It predicts charge transfer when materials are rubbed together.
- A material higher on the series loses electrons and becomes positively charged.
- A material lower on the series gains electrons and becomes negatively charged.
Charging Objects by Conduction
- Charging by conduction occurs when objects with different electric charge amounts contact, allowing electron transfer.
- For example, a negatively charged bar touching a neutral sphere causes excess electrons to move to the sphere, making it negative.
- Conduction can occur between two charged objects, with electrons moving from the object with more negative charge to the object with less.
- This transfer results in a more even charge distribution, though the type of charge remains the same.
Grounding
- Grounding removes excess electric charge from an object by connecting it to a large neutral object like Earth.
- Grounding neutralizes the charge imbalance as excess charge is dispersed over a large area.
- Positively charged objects receive electrons from the ground, while negatively charged objects release electrons into the ground.
Putting Charged Objects to Work
- Electrostatics advancements have led to the development of multiple useful products and technologies.
Electrostatic Dusters
- Electrostatic dusters use charging by friction to attract dust, causing it to jump from surfaces onto the duster.
- Natural materials like ostrich feathers have been used since the 1800s due to their natural tendency to attract dust when charged by friction.
Electrostatic Precipitators
- They are devices using electrostatic charge to remove particles from the air, commonly used in power and manufacturing plants.
- Smoke passing through negatively charged plates causes particles to become negatively charged by conduction.
- The negatively charged particles are then attracted to positively charged plates, allowing them to be safely removed.
- Electrostatic precipitators are highly effective, removing about 99% of particles and are also used in household air purifiers.
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Description
Explore how objects gain charge through friction and conduction. Understand the electrostatic series, which ranks materials by their tendency to gain or lose electrons. Learn how charge transfer occurs when rubbing materials together, leading to one becoming positively charged and the other negatively charged.
