Charges, Current, and Ampere

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Questions and Answers

If a conductor carries a current of 500 mA, what quantity of charge passes through a cross-section of the conductor in 2 minutes?

  • 0.417 C
  • 100 C
  • 30 C
  • 60 C (correct)

A device draws a current of 0.1 μA. How long will it take for $6.022 \times 10^{10}$ electrons to pass through the device?

  • Approximately 0.963 seconds
  • Approximately 96.3 seconds (correct)
  • Approximately 9.63 seconds
  • Approximately 9.63 milliseconds

If 3 A of current is flowing in a circuit with a potential difference of 12 V, how much work is done in 5 seconds?

  • 20 J
  • 60 J
  • 36 J
  • 180 J (correct)

A parallel plate capacitor with capacitance $C$ is charged to a potential difference $V$. What happens to the charge on the capacitor if the potential difference is doubled while the capacitance is halved?

<p>The charge remains the same. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a system, 50 J of work is required to move a charge of 5 C from point A to point B. What is the potential difference between points A and B?

<p>10 V (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A power supply provides a constant current of 0.75 A to a load. How much charge is delivered in 1 hour?

<p>2700 C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does increasing the potential difference across a conductor typically affect the electron flow, assuming constant temperature?

<p>It increases the number of electrons flowing per unit time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A battery is rated at 500 mAh (milliampere-hours). Theoretically, for how long could it continuously supply a current of 25 mA?

<p>20 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a 12V battery does 360 J of work to move charge through a circuit, how much charge was moved?

<p>30 C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering electron flow versus conventional current, what accurately describes their relationship in a simple circuit powered by a battery?

<p>Electrons flow from the negative terminal to the positive terminal, opposite to the direction of conventional current. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A metallic conductor's resistance is observed to decrease. Which of the following factors could account for this observation?

<p>A decrease in the conductor's length. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A wire's diameter is halved while maintaining constant length and material. How does this affect the wire's resistance?

<p>Resistance is quadrupled. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an experiment to verify Ohm's Law, why is it crucial to maintain a constant temperature?

<p>To prevent changes in the resistance of the resistor, which would invalidate the linear relationship between voltage and current. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider two wires made of the same material but with different dimensions. Wire A has a length L and cross-sectional area A, while wire B has a length of 2L and a cross-sectional area of A/2. What is the ratio of the resistance of wire B to wire A (R_B/R_A)?

<p>4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A circuit contains three resistors connected in parallel. If one of the resistors is removed from the circuit, what happens to the equivalent resistance of the circuit?

<p>The equivalent resistance increases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect on total resistance if two identical resistors are placed in parallel, compared to if they were placed in series?

<p>Total resistance in parallel is one-quarter the total resistance in series. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a scenario where the potential difference across an electrical device is reduced to one-quarter of its initial value, while the device's resistance remains constant. According to Ohm's Law ($V = IR$), how does the electric current change?

<p>The electric current decreases to one-quarter of its initial value. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A new material is discovered with a significantly lower resistivity than copper. How would replacing copper wires with this new material in electrical circuits primarily affect the circuit performance, assuming all other factors remain constant?

<p>It would decrease the circuit's overall resistance, allowing for greater current flow and reduced energy loss as heat. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given a material with resistance $R = 4$ ohms, length $L$, and area $A$, what is the resistance of a related material made of the same substance but with length $L/2$ and area $2A$?

<p>1 ohm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Three wires made of the same material have different dimensions. Wire A has length $L$ and area $A$, wire B has length $2L$ and area $A$, and wire C has length $L$ and area $2A$. Rank the wires in order of increasing resistance.

<p>C &lt; A &lt; B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Electric Charge (q)

A fundamental property of matter that can be positive or negative.

Electric Current (I)

The rate of flow of electric charge.

Coulomb (C)

The unit of electric charge, equal to approximately 6.24 x 10^18 elementary charges.

Fundamental Charge

The smallest unit of independent charge, found on an electron, approximately 1.6 x 10^-19 C.

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Ampere (A)

One coulomb of charge passing a point in one second.

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Current vs. Electron Flow

Electric current flows in the opposite direction to the flow of electrons.

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Potential Difference (V)

The work required to move a unit charge from one point to another.

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Cells

The source of potential difference that drives current in a circuit.

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Cell Terminals

Device with positive and negative ends, that maintains electric potential

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Electron Movement

Electrons move from areas of low to high potential.

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Electric Resistance

The opposition to the flow of electric current in a conductor.

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Resistance Formula

R = pL/A, where p is resistivity, L is length, and A is cross-sectional area.

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Resistivity (ρ)

Intrinsic property of a material opposing current flow.

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Length & Area effect on Resistance

Resistance increases with length and decreases with cross-sectional area.

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Temperature effect on Resistance

Resistance of metallic conductors usually increases with temperature, while semiconductors decrease.

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Units of Resistance & Resistivity

Ω (ohm) for resistance, ohm-meter for resistivity.

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Ohm's Law

V = IR; Voltage equals current times resistance.

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Resistors in Series

Current is the same, voltage differs; Equivalent Resistance = R1 + R2 + R3 + ...

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Resistors in Parallel

Current differs, voltage is the same; 1/Equivalent Resistance = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + ...

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Equal Resistors in Parallel

With two identical resisters, double the resisters equals one-half the resistance.

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Study Notes

The provided text is identical to the existing notes. There is no new information to add; therefore, the notes remain unchanged.

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