Superfamily Ascaridoidea

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Questions and Answers

What are the general characteristics of Superfamily Ascaridoidea?

Host specific, direct life cycle (can have PH), large thick worms with 3 lips, thick egg walls, round, pitted shell (approx 75x85 um, infective L2 or L3 inside the egg, hepatic tracheal migration of larvae coughed up then swallowed

List the parasites in Superfamily Ascaridoidea (hint: 6)

Toxicara canis, Toxicara cati, Toxicaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis, Parascaris equorum, and ascaris suum

What is the predilection site for Toxocara canis?

Small intestine

What is the PPP for Toxocara canis?

<p>3-5 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the LC for Toxocara canis

<p>Direct with infective L2 or L3 in egg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathogenesis and CS of Toxocara canis?

<p>Intestinal obstruction with heavy infections, hepatic-tracheal larval migration, death by pneumonia from Transmammary or transplacental infections. CS include entire worms in feces and vomit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the type of transmission, and which one of those is most common?

<p>Per os, transmammary, paramedic and transplacental. Transplacental is most common.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnosis and tax for Toxocara canis?

<p>Fecal float, adults in necropsy. Treat mom during pregnancy and treat mom and pups at 2,4,6 and 8 weeks for L4 and immature adults.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does Toxocara canis have zoonotic potential? If so what type?

<p>Yes, ocular and visceral larval migrans</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you describe the egg for Toxocara cati?

<p>A typical Ascarid egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you identify the worm of Toxocara cati?

<p>It’s has an arrow head</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the PPP for Toxocara Cati?

<p>4-8 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the LC and infective stage of Toxocara cati?

<p>Direct life cycle with infective L2 or L3 in egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathogenesis of Toxocara cati?

<p>Less intense migrations, cats have less immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Toxocara cati transmission routes are per os, paratenic, transmammary and transplacental

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Toxocara cati is zoonotic

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the zoonosis of Toxocara cati?

<p>Ocular and visceral larval migrans</p> Signup and view all the answers

_________ is the lazy ascarid.

<p>Toxascaris leonina is the lazy ascarid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are the hosts for Toxascaris leonina?

<p>Dogs and cats</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you describe the egg of Toxascaris leonina?

<p>Looks like a shield, with a smooth shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the predilection site of Toxascaris leonina?

<p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the PPP of Toxascaris leonina?

<p>11 weeks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the LC and infective stage of Toxascaris leonina?

<p>Direct with infective L2 or L3 in egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

Toxascaris leonina pathogenesis: _____________ only, ____________ not required

<p>Local migration only, hepatic-tracheal migration not required</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the transmission routes for Toxascaris Leonina?

<p>Per os, paratenic (NO TM or TP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you diagnose Toxascaris leonina?

<p>Fecal float</p> Signup and view all the answers

Baylisa scares people with her mask at the zoo. What is this phrase helping us remember about the parasite?

<p>The parasite is Baylisascaris procyonis. The final host is raccoons and it is zoonotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are the accidental hosts of Baylisascaris procyonis?

<p>Dogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the predilection site, LC and infective stage of Baylisascaris procyonis?

<p>Small intestine, direct with infective L2 or L3 in egg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Baylisascaris procyonis is not zoonotic

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of zoonosis does Baylisascaris procyonis transmit?

<p>Ocular and visceral larval migrans</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do we care about Bayliscaris procyonis?

<p>We care because of its zoonotic potential through dogs who may come into contact with raccoons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Baylisascaris procyonis doesn’t cause many issues in the raccoons or dogs it infects.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final host for Parascaris equorum?

<p>Equine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the PPP of Parascaris equorum?

<p>10-12 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the predilection site, LC and infective stage of Parascaris equorum?

<p>Small intestine, direct with infective L2 or L3 in egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the egg of Parascaris equorum.

<p>A typical ascarid egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathogenesis and CS of Parascaris equorum?

<p>Pathogenesis is hepatic-tracheal migration and CS are unthriftiness in moderate to heavy infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the transmission route of Parascaris equorum?

<p>PO (by mouth)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic method is used for Parascaris equorum?

<p>McMaster fecal float (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the treatment plan for Parascaris equorum

<p>Need to treat before the end of the PPP (~8-10 wks of age) and clean mother’s teats to reduce risk of transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk you take if you treat until the worms are big in Parascaris equorum?

<p>Risk intestinal perforation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The final host of Ascaris suum is ______

<p>The final host of Ascaris suum is pigs (indoor and outdoor)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What age range is most affected by Ascaris suum?

<p>Less than 4 months of age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the LC, infective stage, and paratenic host of Ascaris suum?

<p>Direct with infective L2 or L3 in egg, earthworm and dung beetle are paratenic hosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the predilection site of Ascaris suum?

<p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathogenesis of Ascaris suum? And what are the CS seen in an infected pig?

<p>Milk spot liver caused by larval migration. CS include pneumonia, intestinal disturbances, slow weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Ascaris suum transmitted?

<p>Transmitted PO or through paratenic host</p> Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic method(s) can you use to diagnose Ascaris suum?

<p>McMaster and fecal float</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best treatment/prevention for Ascaris suum?

<p>Treat and wash sows before farrowing, treat pigs at weaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ascaris suum is more resistant but not very persistent

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ascaridoidea characteristics

Ascaridoidea parasites are host-specific and have a direct life cycle, possibly with pre-parasitic stages (PH), characterized by large, thick worms with three lips. Their eggs are thick shelled, round, and have pits. Eggs measure about 75x85 um, and contain infective larvae (L2 or L3). Larvae migrate through the liver and trachea, eventually being coughed up and swallowed.

Ascaridoidea parasites

Parasites in the Ascaridoidea superfamily include: Toxicara canis, Toxicara cati, Toxicara leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis, Parascaris equorum, and Ascaris suum.

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